Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by immune system dysregulation, impacting both central and peripheral immune responses. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the neurotoxic effects of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the rat brain including the study of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alterations in peripheral immune responses (PIR). The neuroinflammation brought on by Aβ 1–42 and is unknown to influence PIR. Animal models were prepared, after 28 days, control, sham, and treated rats were anaesthetized and inflammatory markers of hippocampus and serum levels (reactive oxygen species, nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β), and some markers of PIR (splenic mononuclear cells or MNC, cytotoxicity and phagocytic index of the white blood cells leukocyte adhesion inhibition index or LAI), as well as polymorphonuclear cells of the spleen, were assessed. In addition to changes in peripheral immune responses, the present study found that AD rats had higher blood levels of inflammatory markers. Based on the study, the immune system irregularities observed in AD rats in the peripheral regions might be connected to neuroinflammation, which is facilitated by a compromised blood–brain barrier. Hence, it is viable to propose that the neuroinflammatory condition in rats with Aβ-induced AD could modify immune responses in the peripheral areas with significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines markers in the hippocampal tissue in Aβ-injected AD rats.

Krishnendu Adhikary

Satyajit Mohanty

Bidyut Bandyopadhyay

Rajkumar Maiti

Koushik Bhattacharya

Prithviraj Karak

BioMolecular Concepts

BioMolecular Concepts is a peer-reviewed open access journal fostering the integration of different fields of biomolecular research. The journal aims to provide expert summaries from prominent researchers, and conclusive extensions of research data leading to new and original, testable hypotheses. Aspects of research that can promote related fields, and lead to novel insight into biological mechanisms or potential medical applications are of special interest. Original research articles reporting new data of broad significance are also welcome.    Topics:  -cellular and molecular biology-  genetics and epigenetics-  biochemistry-  structural biology-  neurosciences-  developmental biology-  molecular medicine-  pharmacology-  microbiology-  plant biology and biotechnology.

Biomolecular Concepts is a peer-reviewed open access journal that fosters the integration of various fields of biomolecular research. The journal aims to provide expert summaries from prominent researchers and conclusive extensions of research data that lead to new and original, testable hypotheses. It particularly focuses on research aspects that can promote related fields and offer novel insights into biological mechanisms or potential medical applications. Original research articles reporting new data of broad significance are also welcome. Topics include: - Cellular and Molecular Biology - Genetics and Epigenetics - Biochemistry - Structural Biology - Neurosciences - Developmental Biology - Molecular Medicine - Pharmacology - Microbiology - Plant Biology and Biotechnology.

《Biomolecular Concepts》是一本经过同行评审的开放获取期刊，旨在促进不同生物分子研究领域的整合。该期刊致力于提供来自杰出研究者的专业总结，以及研究数据的结论性扩展，进而形成新的、可验证的假设。特别关注能够促进相关领域研究并为生物机制或潜在医学应用提供新见解的研究方面。同时，欢迎报告具有广泛意义的新数据的原创研究文章。  主题包括：- 细胞与分子生物学 - 遗传学与表观遗传学 - 生物化学 - 结构生物学 - 神经科学 - 发展生物学 - 分子医学 - 药理学 - 微生物学 - 植物生物学与生物技术。

β-Amyloid peptide modulates peripheral immune responses and neuroinflammation in rats

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