Benign essential blepharospasm is a focal dystonia in which patients present with forceful, involuntary closure of muscles surrounding the eyes. Spasms can render these patients functionally blind and can negatively affect patients’ quality of life. Although no cure exists for blepharospasm, numerous medical and surgical treatment options have been employed to manage symptoms. This article covers important concepts regarding the clinical diagnosis and manifestations of blepharospasm and discusses important considerations regarding effective management including botulinum toxins, oral medications, and surgical interventions.

Tiffany C. Ho

John B. Holds

Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry

Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry reviews the most current practices in both ophthalmology and optometry. A distinguished editorial board, headed by Dr. Myron Yanoff, identifies key areas of major progress and controversy and invites expert ophthalmologists and Optometrists to contribute original articles devoted to these topics. These insightful overviews bring concepts to a clinical level and explore their everyday impact on patient care. Topics will cover all specialty areas, highlighting the most current and relevant information in the field.

Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry reviews the latest practices in both ophthalmology and optometry. Led by the distinguished Dr. Myron Yanoff, the editorial board identifies key areas of significant progress and controversy, inviting expert ophthalmologists and optometrists to contribute original articles on these topics. These insightful overviews translate concepts into clinical practice and explore their everyday impact on patient care. Topics will encompass all specialty areas, highlighting the most current and relevant information in the field.

《Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry》期刊回顾了眼科和视光学领域的最新实践。由Myron Yanoff博士领导的杰出编辑委员会，识别出主要进展和争议的关键领域，并邀请专家眼科医生和视光师撰写关于这些主题的原创文章。这些深刻的概述将概念带入临床层面，并探讨其对患者护理的日常影响。主题涵盖所有专业领域，突出该领域中最新和最相关的信息。

Blepharospasm

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