Assessment of olfactory performance is of high clinical interest in the contexts of smell loss as well as neurological diseases, and recently gained attention in obesity research. Available olfactory tests, especially for assessing olfactory sensitivity, are time-consuming and require high cognitive capacity. Therefore, we aimed to establish a short procedure for reliably testing olfactory sensitivity using a subtest of the "Sniffin' Sticks" battery. Evaluation criteria are test duration, validity, and test-retest reliability. In a preliminary study using a within-subject repeated-measures design, we measured olfactory sensitivity for n-butanol in 20 young and healthy participants. We compared sensitivity obtained with three different measures during two sessions in a pseudo-randomized order: a standard single-staircase three-alternative forced-choice procedure with seven reversals (SSP_7); an abbreviated version with five reversals (SSP_5); and an ascending presentation of 16 dilution steps from lowest to highest odor concentration (brief ascending procedure, BAP). Compared to the SSP_7, the BAP was 51%, and the SSP_5 26% shorter in duration. Both the BAP and SSP_5 scores were highly correlated with the SSP_7. The test-retest reliability in all three tests was similar to that typically reported in olfactory research. The abbreviated tests are valid measures of olfactory sensitivity. Especially, the BAP is as reliable as the standard method, but remarkably faster and easier to perform. Thus, the short procedures bear potential for both research and clinical practice, especially for complex study designs with time constraints on olfactory testing and for patient populations with attention deficits.

Maria Pössel

Jessica Freiherr

Annette Horstmann

Chemosensory Perception

化学感觉感知的覆盖范围包括对人类现象有影响的动物工作，并探索以下领域：识别产生感觉反应的化学物质；识别与化学物质相关的感觉反应；人体对化学刺激的体内反应；人体对化学刺激的体外反应；神经影像学化学感觉功能；化学感受的神经学处理；化学感受机制；化学感受的心理物理学；三叉神经功能；多感官知觉；化学感受的情境效应；对化学刺激的行为反应；影响和促成化学感受的生理因素；风味和享乐学；记忆和化学感受。

The journal "Chemosensory Perception" covers research in the field of chemosensory perception, particularly its impact on human phenomena. The research topics include: identifying the chemicals that elicit sensory responses; analyzing sensory responses associated with these chemicals; exploring the body's internal and external reactions to chemical stimuli; investigating the application of neuroimaging in chemosensory function; understanding the neural processing mechanisms of chemosensation; studying the psychophysics of chemosensation; examining the functions of the trigeminal nerve; exploring the interactions of multisensory perception; assessing the contextual effects on chemosensation; analyzing behavioral responses to chemical stimuli; identifying physiological factors that influence and facilitate chemosensation; researching flavor and hedonic studies; and examining the relationship between memory and chemosensation.

《Chemosensory Perception》期刊涵盖化学感觉感知领域的研究，特别是对人类现象的影响。研究内容包括：识别引发感觉反应的化学物质；分析与化学物质相关的感觉反应；探讨人体对化学刺激的体内和体外反应；研究神经影像学在化学感觉功能中的应用；化学感受的神经处理机制；化学感受的心理物理学；三叉神经的功能；多感官知觉的交互作用；化学感受的情境效应；对化学刺激的行为反应；影响和促进化学感受的生理因素；风味和享乐学的研究；以及记忆与化学感受之间的关系。

Category	Quartile
医学	4
医学, 食品科技	4
医学, 神经科学	4

Rapid Assessment of Olfactory Sensitivity Using the “Sniffin’ Sticks”

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