Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in developed countries. Numerous investigations have recognised inflammation and angiogenesis as important factors in the development of this complication of diabetes. Current methods of DR treatment are predominantly used at advanced stages of the disease and could be associated with serious side effects. Therefore, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to identify the initial stages of DR as well as monitoring the effects of applied therapy. Biochemical biomarkers are molecules found in blood or other biological fluid and tissue that indicate the existence of an abnormal condition or disease. They could be a valuable tool in detecting early stages of DR, identifying patients most susceptible to retinopathy progression and monitoring treatment outcomes. Biomarkers related to DR can be measured in the blood, retina, vitreous, aqueous humour and recently in tears. As the retina represents a small part of total body mass, a circulating biomarker for DR needs to be highly specific. Local biomarkers are more reliable as indicators of the retinal pathology; however, obtaining a sample of aqueous humour, vitreous or retina is an invasive procedure with potential serious complications. As a non-invasive novel method, tear analysis offers a promising direction in further research for DR biomarker detection. The aim of this paper is to review systemic and local inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers relevant to this sight threatening diabetic complication.

Snježana Kaštelan

Ivana Orešković

Filip Bišćan

Helena Kaštelan

Antonela Gverović Antunica

Biochemia medica

BIOCHEMIA MEDICA 是克罗地亚医学生物化学和检验医学学会的官方同行评审期刊。该杂志广泛报道了临床化学和检验医学各个方面的研究。以下类别适合该杂志的范围：一般临床化学、血液学和止血、分子诊断和内分泌学。欢迎开发、验证和验证适用于临床化学和检验医学的分析技术和方法，以及涉及实验室组织、自动化和质量控制的研究。该杂志定期发表具有教育意义的分析前案例报告（分析前之谜）、有关应用生物统计学（生物统计学课程）和研究诚信（研究诚信角）的文章。

Biochemia Medica is the official peer-reviewed journal of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. The journal covers a wide range of research in clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including general clinical chemistry, hematology and hemostasis, molecular diagnostics, and endocrinology. We welcome studies on the development, validation, and application of analytical techniques and methods relevant to clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, as well as research involving laboratory organization, automation, and quality control. Additionally, the journal regularly publishes educational pre-analytical case reports (pre-analytical mysteries), articles on applied biostatistics (biostatistics courses), and discussions on research integrity (research integrity corner).

《Biochemia Medica》是克罗地亚医学生物化学和检验医学学会的官方同行评审期刊。该期刊广泛报道临床化学和检验医学的各个方面，涵盖一般临床化学、血液学与止血、分子诊断和内分泌学等领域。我们欢迎关于适用于临床化学和检验医学的分析技术和方法的开发、验证和应用研究，以及涉及实验室组织、自动化和质量控制的相关研究。此外，该期刊定期发表具有教育意义的分析前案例报告（分析前之谜）、应用生物统计学的文章（生物统计学课程）以及关于研究诚信的讨论（研究诚信角）。

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 医学实验技术	3

Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY	1