Abstract Understanding the dynamics of snow avalanches is crucial for predicting their destructive potential and mobility. To gain insight into avalanche dynamics at a particle level, the AvaNode in-flow sensor system was developed. These synthetic particles, equipped with advanced and affordable sensors such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS), travel with the avalanche flow. This study focuses on assessing the feasibility of the in-flow measurement systems. The experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 2021–2023, both in static snow cover and dynamic avalanche conditions of medium-sized events. Radar measurements were used in conjunction with the particle trajectories and velocities to understand the behaviour of the entire avalanche flow. The dynamic avalanche experiments allowed to identify three distinct particle flow states: (I) initial rapid acceleration, (II) a steady state flow with the highest velocities (9–17 ms −1 ), and (III) a longer deceleration state accompanied by the largest measured rotation rates. The particles tend to travel towards the tail of the avalanche and reach lower velocities compared to the frontal approach velocities deduced from radar measurements (ranging between 23–28 ms −1 ). The presented data give a first insight in avalanche particle measurements.

Michael Neuhauser

Anselm Köhler

Rene Neurauter

Marc S. Adams

Jan-Thomas Fischer

Annals of Glaciology

ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY 在冰川学的选定方面发表原创科学文章和信件 - 对冰的研究。每一期的年鉴都是主题，集中在一个特定的主题上。国际冰川学会理事会欢迎冰川学界就主题问题提出的建议。一旦主题获得批准，理事会将任命一名副总编辑和一组科学编辑来处理论文的提交、同行评审和发表。

The Annals of Glaciology is an academic journal focused on the field of glaciology, publishing original scientific articles and letters related to the study of ice. Each issue of the journal revolves around a specific theme, and the International Glaciological Society Council welcomes suggestions from the glaciology community regarding these themes. Once a theme is approved, the Council appoints a deputy editor and a group of scientific editors to manage the submission, peer review, and publication of papers.

《Annals of Glaciology》是一本专注于冰川学领域的学术期刊，发表原创的科学文章和信件，涉及冰的研究。每一期的年鉴围绕一个特定主题展开，国际冰川学会理事会欢迎冰川学界对主题的建议。一旦主题获得批准，理事会将任命一名副总编辑和一组科学编辑，负责处理论文的提交、同行评审和发表。

Category	Quartile
地球科学	4
地球科学, 自然地理	4
地球科学, 地球科学综合	4

Particle trajectories, velocities, accelerations and rotation rates in snow avalanches

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY	2