school of psychology, university of st andrews, st andrews ky16 9jp, scotland, united kingdomMany social species produce specific vocalizations when threatened or startled by a predator or some other significant disturbance. These signals are usually termed ''alarm calls'' (from old Italian ''all' arme'' meaning ''to arms'' on the approach of an enemy), but ''distress,'' ''alert,'' or ''mobbing calls'' are also common, usually in cases where the calls are given in conjunction with some specific antipredator behavior. Although many authors treat mobbing calls as functionally distinct from alarm calls, this distinction is not always useful. For example, many forest primates produce acoustically distinct alarm calls to ground predators, such as leopards, but these calls are often accompanied by mobbing behavior (e.g.,Zuberbu ¨hler et al., 1997). In this chapter, I will therefore treat mobbing calls as a subtype of alarm calls, one that is linked with relatively specific antipredator behavior.Alarm calls have long been of interest to researchers and they have continued to bewilder and fascinate, for a number of reasons. A first one is merely practical. When working with free-ranging animals, it is often difficult to divide the continuous stream of behavior into discrete and meaningful units that can be studied systematically. Alarm calls are a rare exception. They are structurally and perceptually unique, which facilitates identification and systematic study considerably.Second, alarm calls are a particularly useful tool for studying cognitive mechanisms, often providing a rare window into an animal's mind. Diurnal life and sociality are strongly associated with whether or not a species produces alarm calls(Shelley and Blumstein, 2005)and individual callers often require a specific audience(Zuberbu ¨hler, 2008). Because of these social dimensions, alarm calls are interesting for a number of scientific 277

Klaus Zuberbühler

Advances in the Study of Behavior

ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 为越来越多从事动物行为研究的科学家提供服务，向他们的同事和邻近领域的人介绍他们的理论思想和研究。自 1965 年第一卷出版以来，动物行为的传统领域通过它们与相关领域形成的联系以及现在研究动物和人类受试者之间存在的更密切的关系而获得了新的活力。本系列旨在继续为该领域的发展做出贡献。

The journal "Advances in the Study of Behavior" serves an increasing number of scientists engaged in animal behavior research, introducing their theoretical ideas and research to colleagues and researchers in adjacent fields. Since the publication of its first volume in 1965, the traditional field of animal behavior has gained new vitality through its connections with related fields and the closer relationships now being studied between animal and human subjects. This series aims to continue contributing to the development of the field.

《Advances in the Study of Behavior》期刊为越来越多从事动物行为研究的科学家提供服务，向他们的同事和相关领域的研究者介绍他们的理论和研究成果。自1965年第一卷出版以来，动物行为研究领域通过与相关领域的联系以及对动物与人类受试者之间关系的深入研究而焕发了新的活力。本系列期刊旨在继续为该领域的发展做出贡献。

Category	Quartile
生物学	2
生物学, 行为科学	1

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