Background There has been growing interest in head impacts related to sports participation due to potential long- and short-term consequences of head injuries. Our purpose was to compare head impact magnitude and frequency between men's and women's intercollegiate soccer players based on head impact mechanism. Methods 28 collegiate soccer players (16 women: age = 19.94 (1.06) years, height = 163.75 (5.15) cm, mass = 61.21 (5.09) kg; 12 men: age = 20.25 (1.14) years, height = 180.34 (6.03) cm, mass = 74.09 (9.32) kg) wore xPatch (X2 Biosystems, Seattle, WA) head impact sensors. Each practice and game was video recorded in order to confirm head impacts. The independent variable was impact mechanism (head to head, head to body (other than head), head to ground, ball to head, goal to head, and combination). Sensors collected linear and rotational accelerations and frequency of head impacts per 1000 athlete exposures. Findings Men were more likely to sustain head impacts than women (IRR = 1.74, CI95 = 1.59–1.92). The highest head impact incidence rate for men was head to body (IR = 611.68, CI95 = 553.11–670.25) while the highest impact incidence rate for women was ball to head (IR = 302.29, CI95 = 270.93–333.64). The interaction between sex and mechanism was significant for rotational accelerations (F4, 1720 = 3.757, P = .005, ω2 = 0.013) but not for linear accelerations (F4,1720 = 0.680, P = .606, ω2 < 0.001, 1 − β = 0.223). Interpretation To reduce the frequency of head impacts in men, perhaps rules governing player to player contact should be more strictly enforced as these data confirm frequent player-to-head contact during soccer practices and games. Prevention efforts for women should be focused on limiting the amount of purposeful heading (planned contact between the head and ball) occurring during play especially since these impacts had higher magnitudes compared to men.

Tabitha D. Saunders

Rachel K. Le

Katherine M. Breedlove

Debbie A. Bradney

Thomas G. Bowman

Clinical Biomechanics

《临床生物力学》是一本国际多学科的生物力学期刊，重点关注该领域新知识的医学和临床应用。生物力学科学有助于解释细胞、组织、器官和身体系统疾病的原因，并支持临床医生进行诊断，治疗方法和技术的预后和评价。 CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS 旨在通过发表尖端的生物力学研究来加强实验室和临床之间的联系，这些研究有助于解释损伤和疾病的原因，并为改善临床管理提供证据。采用严格的同行评审系统，每一次尝试都是致力于及时处理和发表高质量论文。临床生物力学探索身体系统、器官、组织和细胞生物力学的各个方面，重点是基础科学方面的医学和临床应用。因此，基础科学的作用在医学或临床环境中得到认可。该杂志的读者群密切反映了其多学科的内容，是科学家、工程师和临床医生的平衡。内容以研究论文、简要报告、评论论文和信函的形式出现，而特别感兴趣的问题和增刊则发表于涵盖的学科包括各种规模的生物力学和机械生物学、生物工程以及组织工程和生物材料在临床应用中的应用、生物物理学以及医疗机器人、人体工程学、物理和职业治疗和康复的生物力学方面。

Clinical Biomechanics is an international multidisciplinary journal focusing on the medical and clinical applications of new knowledge in the field of biomechanics. The science of biomechanics helps explain the causes of diseases affecting cells, tissues, organs, and body systems, and supports clinicians in diagnosis, treatment methods, and the prognosis and evaluation of techniques. Clinical Biomechanics aims to strengthen the connection between laboratory and clinical practice by publishing cutting-edge biomechanics research that elucidates the causes of injuries and diseases and provides evidence for improving clinical management. The journal employs a rigorous peer-review system, committed to the timely processing and publication of high-quality papers. Clinical Biomechanics explores various aspects of the biomechanics of body systems, organs, tissues, and cells, emphasizing the role of basic science in medical and clinical settings. The readership closely reflects its multidisciplinary content, comprising scientists, engineers, and clinicians. Content is presented in the form of research articles, brief reports, review papers, and letters, with special issues and supplements addressing topics in biomechanics, mechanobiology, bioengineering, clinical applications of tissue engineering and biomaterials, biophysics, medical robotics, ergonomics, and the biomechanics of physical and occupational therapy and rehabilitation.

《Clinical Biomechanics》是一本国际多学科的生物力学期刊，专注于该领域新知识的医学和临床应用。生物力学科学有助于解释细胞、组织、器官和身体系统疾病的原因，并支持临床医生进行诊断、治疗方法和技术的预后与评价。《Clinical Biomechanics》旨在通过发表前沿的生物力学研究，增强实验室与临床之间的联系，这些研究有助于解释损伤和疾病的成因，并为改善临床管理提供证据。该期刊采用严格的同行评审制度，致力于及时处理和发表高质量的论文。临床生物力学探索身体系统、器官、组织和细胞的生物力学各个方面，强调基础科学在医学和临床环境中的重要性。该杂志的读者群体反映了其多学科的内容，包括科学家、工程师和临床医生。内容形式包括研究论文、简要报告、评论论文和信函，特别感兴趣的问题和增刊涵盖生物力学、机械生物学、生物工程、组织工程、生物材料的临床应用、生物物理学、医疗机器人、人体工程学、物理和职业治疗及康复的生物力学等多个领域。

Sex differences in mechanisms of head impacts in collegiate soccer athletes

To reduce the frequency of head impacts in men, perhaps rules governing player to player contact should be more strictly enforced as these data confirm frequent player-to-head contact during soccer practices and games.

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 工程生物医学	4
医学, 骨科	4
医学, 运动科学	4

Sex differences in mechanisms of head impacts in collegiate soccer athletes

ivySCI AI Smartly Parses PDF, Answers Researchers' Questions, and Helps You Understand Papers in Seconds

Journal Info

Category	Quartile
SPORT SCIENCES	3