Antenna height, orientation, shielding and subsurface properties all impact GPR responses. Although the basic concepts are generally understood, clarifying the key relationships can aid interpretation. Our long term goal is to develop easily parameterized models of transmitting and receiving components of GPR systems that will provide for quantitative interpretation of data acquired with real systems. Our first step was to develop modeling capacity and response presentation tools to help with development; the initial results have been both informative and forced a better understanding of near and far field. We are using three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. Model results can be presented in a variety of forms. In this paper, we focus on presenting the emitted energy characteristics and use radiation pattern display format for infinitesimal dipoles, resistively loaded dipoles and shielded dipoles. Patterns are computed for a range of environments such as free-space and over loss-less half-spaces with various properties. The energy distribution patterns are presented to investigate the behavior with distance away from the transmitter feed point, and as a function of height above the ground surface. The numerical simulations provide expected insights plus demonstrate the benefit of ground-coupling and the impact of shielding on GPR responses. Further, using the total radiated energy parameter is a novel method for displaying directivity, for GPR transient emissions.

Nectaria Diamanti

A. Peter Annan

Journal of Applied Geophysics

《应用地球物理学杂志》的主要目标是响应相关和及时的需求，特别强调解决环境、工程和水文问题的地球物理技术的方法开发和创新应用。 《应用地球物理学杂志》也涵盖了勘探地球物理学以及土壤和岩石物理学方面的相关专题研究。

The Journal of Applied Geophysics aims to address relevant and timely needs, with a particular emphasis on the development and innovative application of geophysical techniques to solve environmental, engineering, and hydrological problems. Additionally, the journal covers related research topics in exploration geophysics as well as soil and rock physics.

《Journal of Applied Geophysics》旨在满足相关和及时的需求，特别强调开发和创新应用地球物理技术，以解决环境、工程和水文问题。此外，该期刊还涵盖了勘探地球物理学以及土壤和岩石物理学的相关研究。

Category	Quartile
地球科学	3
地球科学, 矿业与矿物加工	3
地球科学, 地球科学综合	4

Characterizing the energy distribution around GPR antennas

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING	2