The NonParametric Combination methodology (NPC) of dependent permutation tests allows the experimenter to face many complex multivariate testing problems and represents a convincing and powerful alternative to standard parametric methods. The main advantage of this approach lies in its flexibility in handling any type of variable (categorical and quantitative, with or without missing values) while at the same time taking dependencies among those variables into account without the need of modelling them. NPC methodology enables to deal with repeated measures, paired data, restricted alternative hypotheses, missing data (completely at random or not), high-dimensional and small sample size data. Hence, NPC methodology can offer a significant contribution to successful research in biomedical studies with several endpoints, since it provides reasonably efficient solutions and clear interpretations of inferential results. Pesarin F. Multivariate permutation tests: with application in biostatistics. Chichester-New York: John Wiley &amp;Sons, 2001; Pesarin F, Salmaso L. Permutation tests for complex data: theory, applications and software. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp;Sons, 2010. We focus on non-parametric permutation solutions to two real-case studies in ophthalmology, concerning complex-repeated measures problems. For each data set, different analyses are presented, thus highlighting characteristic aspects of the data structure itself. Our goal is to present different solutions to multivariate complex case studies, guiding researchers/readers to choose, from various possible interpretations of a problem, the one that has the highest flexibility and statistical power under a set of less stringent assumptions. MATLAB code has been implemented to carry out the analyses.

Chiara Brombin

Edoardo Midena

Luigi Salmaso

Statistical Methods in Medical Research

STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH 是一份同行评审的学术期刊，是医学统计学所有主要领域文章的主要载体，也是所有医学统计学家的重要参考资料。这本独特的期刊只专注于统计和医学，旨在让专业人士了解医学界现在可以使用的许多强大的统计技术。该期刊是出版伦理委员会 (COPE) 的成员

Statistical Methods in Medical Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal that serves as a primary platform for articles in all major areas of medical statistics, making it an essential reference for all medical statisticians. This unique journal focuses exclusively on the intersection of statistics and medicine, aiming to inform professionals about the many powerful statistical techniques currently available in the medical field. Furthermore, the journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

《Statistical Methods in Medical Research》是一本经过同行评审的学术期刊，涵盖医学统计学的所有主要领域，成为医学统计学家们的重要参考资料。这本独特的期刊专注于统计学与医学的结合，旨在帮助专业人士了解医学界当前可用的多种强大统计技术。此外，该期刊还是出版伦理委员会（COPE）的成员。

Robust non-parametric tests for complex-repeated measures problems in ophthalmology

This work focuses on non-parametric permutation solutions to two real-case studies in ophthalmology, concerning complex-repeated measures problems, and presents different solutions to multivariate complex case studies, thus highlighting characteristic aspects of the data structure itself.

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 数学与计算生物学	2
医学, 统计学与概率论	3
医学, 卫生保健与服务	4
医学, 医学信息	4

Robust non-parametric tests for complex-repeated measures problems in ophthalmology

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Category	Quartile
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY	1