List of illustrations Preface Acknowledgements 1. Flowers in Africa 2. In the beginning: gardens and paradise, garlands and sacrifice 3. The decline of flower culture in Europe 4. Flowers without representation in Islam 5. The return of the rose in medieval Western Europe 6. Icons and iconoclasm in the Renaissance 7. The growth of the market 8. The secret Language of Flowers in France: specialist knowledge or fictive ethnography 9. The Americanisation of the foreign mind 10. The popular culture of flowers in Europe 11. Garlands in India: the marigold and the jasmine 12. The 'four gentlemen of flowers' in China 13. 'Let a hundred flowers bloom': the New Year in South China 14. A distant reading References Index.

The Culture of Flowers.

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