This paper focuses on the recent developments in Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth of silicon for large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs) and multi-crystalline silicon growth using a directional solidification method for solar cells. Growth of silicon crystals by the CZ method currently allows the growth of high-quality crystals that satisfy the device requirements of LSIs or power devices for electric cars. This paper covers how to obtain high-quality crystals with low impurity content and few point defects. It also covers the directional solidification method, which yields crystals with medium conversion efficiency for photovoltaic applications. We discuss the defects and impurities that degrade the efficiency and the steps to overcome these problems.

Koichi Kakimoto

Bing Gao

Xin Liu

Satoshi Nakano

Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials

材料，尤其是晶体材料，为我们现代技术驱动的世界奠定了基础。材料的主导地位是通过详细的科学研究实现的。生长和评估各种材料的更完美晶体的技术的进步是当今许多先进技术的根源。晶体材料的演变和发展涉及由学术界和工业界的专职科学家进行的研究，涉及广泛的学科领域，包括生物学、化学、物理学、材料科学和工程学。在信息技术、光子学、能量存储和收集、环境保护、医药和食品生产中的关键应用需要对晶体生长的深入理解和控制。这可能涉及合适的生长方法和从块体到纳米尺度的材料表征。

Materials, especially crystal materials, form the foundation of our technology-driven world. The dominant role of materials is achieved through detailed scientific research. Advances in the techniques for growing and evaluating perfect crystals of various materials are the source of many advanced technologies today. The evolution and development of crystal materials involve research conducted by dedicated scientists from academia and industry, spanning a wide range of disciplines including biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering. Key applications in information technology, photonics, energy storage and collection, environmental protection, medicine, and food production require a deep understanding and control of crystal growth. This may involve suitable growth methods and characterization of materials from bulk to nanoscale.

材料，尤其是晶体材料，是现代技术驱动世界的基础。材料的主导地位通过深入的科学研究得以实现。晶体材料的生长和评估技术的进步是许多先进技术的根源。这些材料的演变和发展涉及学术界和工业界的专职科学家，涵盖生物学、化学、物理学、材料科学和工程学等多个学科领域。在信息技术、光子学、能源存储与收集、环境保护、医药和食品生产等关键应用中，对晶体生长的深入理解和控制至关重要。这可能需要采用合适的生长方法以及从宏观到纳米尺度的材料表征。

Category	Quartile
材料科学	2
材料科学, 晶体学	1
材料科学, 材料科学表征与测试	1

Growth of semiconductor silicon crystals

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING	1