Background: Low milk supply is a common cause of early weaning, and supply issues are associated with dysregulation of thyroid function and prolactin. However, hormone levels compatible with successful breastfeeding are not well defined, limiting interpretation of clinical lab results. In this study we sought to quantify ranges for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), total T4, and prolactin in a cohort of exclusively breastfeeding women. Materials and Methods: Women planning to breastfeed were recruited in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal endocrine function was assessed before and after a breastfeeding session at 2 and 8 weeks postpartum. We used paired t tests to determine whether values changed from the 2- to 8-week visit. Results: Of 52 study participants, 28 were exclusively breastfeeding, defined as only breastmilk feeds in the prior 7 days, at both the 2- and 8-week study visits. Endocrine function changed with time since delivery: the TSH level was higher, whereas total T4, free T4, and prolactin levels were lower, at the 8-week visit than at the 2-week visit (by paired t test, p≤0.01). We found a wide range of prolactin values at the 8-week visit, with a 5th percentile value of 9 ng/dL before feeding and 74 ng/dL at 10 minutes after feeding. Conclusions: Neuroendocrine function changes during the first 8 weeks after birth, and a wide range of values is compatible with successful breastfeeding. Further studies are needed to define reference values in breastfeeding women.

Alison M. Stuebe

Samantha Meltzer-Brody

Brenda Pearson

Cort Pedersen

Karen Grewen

Breastfeeding Medicine

母乳喂养医学提供无与伦比的同行评审研究、方案和临床应用，以确保为母婴提供最佳护理。该杂志回应了对循证研究日益增长的需求，并探讨了母乳喂养的直接和长期结果，包括其流行病学、生理和心理益处。它是母乳喂养医学学会协议的独家来源。母乳喂养医学覆盖范围包括：母乳喂养建议和协议人工喂养的健康后果哺乳生理学和母乳的生物化学母乳喂养母亲的最佳营养母乳喂养适应症和禁忌症管理母乳喂养的不适、疼痛和其他并发症母乳喂养早产或生病的婴儿 慢性病母亲的母乳喂养 母乳喂养母亲的药物管理 通过母乳和母乳喂养传播传染病 母乳的收集和储存以及母乳银行 衡量成为“爱婴”医院的影响 文化能力和文化敏感性 国际公共卫生包括社会和经济问题。

The journal "Breastfeeding Medicine" provides unparalleled peer-reviewed research, guidelines, and clinical applications to ensure optimal care for mothers and infants. It addresses the growing demand for evidence-based research and explores both the immediate and long-term outcomes of breastfeeding, including its epidemiological, physiological, and psychological benefits. It is the exclusive source of the protocols of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. The scope of the journal includes: recommendations and protocols for breastfeeding, health consequences of formula feeding, breastfeeding physiology and the biochemistry of breast milk, optimal nutrition for breastfeeding mothers, indications and contraindications for breastfeeding, management of discomfort, pain, and other complications related to breastfeeding, breastfeeding premature or ill infants, breastfeeding for mothers with chronic diseases, medication management for breastfeeding mothers, transmission of infectious diseases through breast milk and breastfeeding, collection and storage of breast milk and milk banks, assessing the impact of becoming a 

《Breastfeeding Medicine》杂志提供了无与伦比的同行评审研究、方案和临床应用，旨在为母婴提供最佳护理。该杂志回应了对循证研究日益增长的需求，探讨了母乳喂养的直接和长期结果，包括其流行病学、生理和心理益处。它是母乳喂养医学学会协议的独家来源。杂志的覆盖范围包括：母乳喂养建议和协议、人工喂养的健康后果、哺乳生理学和母乳的生物化学、母乳喂养母亲的最佳营养、母乳喂养的适应症和禁忌症、管理母乳喂养的不适、疼痛和其他并发症、母乳喂养早产或生病的婴儿、慢性病母亲的母乳喂养、母乳喂养母亲的药物管理、通过母乳和母乳喂养传播的传染病、母乳的收集和储存以及母乳银行、衡量成为“爱婴”医院的影响、文化能力和文化敏感性，以及国际公共卫生中的社会和经济问题。

Maternal Neuroendocrine Serum Levels in Exclusively Breastfeeding Mothers

Neuroendocrine function changes during the first 8 weeks after birth, and a wide range of values is compatible with successful breastfeeding, in a cohort of exclusively breastfeeding women.

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 妇产科学	3
医学, 儿科	3

Maternal Neuroendocrine Serum Levels in Exclusively Breastfeeding Mothers

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