Abstract Purpose of the Review Successful catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias depends on identifying the critical tissues that sustain the arrhythmia. Increasingly, the intramural space is being recognized as an important source of idiopathic and reentrant ventricular arrhythmias, representing a common cause of ablation failure. A systematic approach to mapping and ablating these arrhythmias is key to optimize outcomes. Recent Findings Intramural ventricular arrhythmias are common in certain anatomical locations such as the left ventricular ostium or the interventricular septum. In these cases, mapping of the septal coronary veins provides an opportunity to explore the intramural compartment of the septum to perform activation mapping, entrainment and/or pace mapping. When an intramural arrhythmia is identified, ablation may require radiofrequency application from multiple sites, prolonged lesions, or special ablation techniques such as bipolar ablation or transvenous ethanol injection. Summary Identification of intramural ventricular arrhythmias depends on comprehensive mapping that should include the coronary venous system, and ablation often requires advanced techniques. This paper provides a guide on when to suspect an intramural ventricular arrhythmia in the electrophysiology laboratory and how to approach mapping and ablation in these challenging cases.

Matthew Hanson

Andres Enriquez

Fermin Garcia

Current Cardiology Reports

该杂志的目的是提供专家对心血管医学当前进展的及时观点。我们还寻求提供评论，突出从大量可用的心血管文献中选出的最近发表的最重要的论文。我们通过任命跨学科主要学科领域的关键权威来实现这一目标。栏目编辑选择由主要专家审查的主题，这些专家强调最近的发展并突出过去一年发表的重要论文。由国际多元化成员组成的编辑委员会建议其国家/地区特别感兴趣的主题，并确保主题是最新的并包括新兴研究。我们还提供该领域知名人士的评论。

Current Cardiology Reports aims to provide timely expert opinions on the latest advancements in cardiovascular medicine. We also seek to offer reviews that highlight the most significant papers recently published from the vast array of cardiovascular literature. This is achieved by appointing key authorities from interdisciplinary fields as section editors, who select topics reviewed by leading experts, emphasizing recent developments and highlighting important papers published in the past year. An editorial board composed of internationally diverse members suggests topics of particular interest to their respective countries/regions, ensuring that the subjects are current and include emerging research. Additionally, we provide commentary from prominent figures in the field.

《Current Cardiology Reports》旨在提供心血管医学领域最新进展的专家观点。我们还希望提供评论，突出从大量心血管文献中选出的最近发表的重要论文。为实现这一目标，我们任命跨学科领域的关键权威作为栏目编辑，选择由主要专家审查的主题，强调最近的发展，并突出过去一年发表的重要论文。由国际多元化成员组成的编辑委员会建议与其国家/地区特别相关的主题，确保这些主题是最新的，并涵盖新兴研究。此外，我们还提供该领域知名人士的评论。

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 心脏和心血管系统	3

Intramural Ventricular Arrhythmias: How to Crack a Hard Nut

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS	2