Abstract The soybean tentiform leafminer, Macrosaccus morrisella (Fitch) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a new potential pest of soybean; however, little is known about its biology. This study determined the number of instars, how to distinguish those instars, and how to differentiate the sexes of M. morrisella. Soybean plants oviposited on by M. morrisella in the laboratory were sampled daily to assess the development of the insects by measuring larval head capsule width, body length, and leaf area mined. Cages containing a subset of plants were then checked daily until the first emergence of adults. In addition, 20 pupae and resulting adults were sexed. The frequency distribution of head capsule widths of M. morrisella larvae showed 4 nonoverlapping peaks. However, examination of individuals comprising the third peak showed 2 distinct mouthpart morphologies, which were a sap-feeding 3rd instar and a tissue-feeding 4th instar with overlapping distributions of head capsule widths. Inspection of tentiform mines containing individual larvae revealed the presence of up to 4 shed head capsules, confirming the existence of 5 instars. Leaf area mined ranged from 0.28 to 498.45 mm2 per larva. Pupae of M. morrisella were sexually differentiated by observing the presence of the gonads through the cuticle in males and its absence in females, and this was confirmed by examination of the frenula of the resulting adults. This study fills an important gap in our understanding of M. morrisella biology, which is crucial for developing integrated management strategies for this potential pest of soybean in North America.

Juliana Lopes dos Santos

Arthur Vieira Ribeiro

Joenes Mucci Peluzio

Robert L Koch

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

美国昆虫学会年鉴的存在是为了促进昆虫学学科之间的跨学科对话，并促进不同昆虫学家群体之间的合作互动。它旨在吸引和发表关于具有广泛兴趣的共同主题的前沿研究、评论、文章集，以及对具有国家或国际重要性的主题的讨论。我们特别欢迎涵盖发展中的研究领域、有争议的问题或辩论以及对社会具有重要意义的主题的文章。主要是关于新物种、方法、害虫管理或单一物种生物学的报告的手稿通常会参考 ESA 的其他期刊。接受的最重要标准是工作质量和读者感兴趣的广度。

The Annals of the Entomological Society of America aims to foster interdisciplinary dialogue within the field of entomology and collaboration among various entomological communities. The journal welcomes cutting-edge research, reviews, special articles, and discussions on topics of national or international significance that attract a broad audience. We particularly encourage submissions that cover emerging research areas, controversial issues, or topics of societal importance. Manuscripts reporting on new species, methodologies, pest management, or the biology of specific species typically reference other ESA journals. The primary criteria for acceptance are the quality of the work and the breadth of interest to readers.

《Annals of the Entomological Society of America》旨在促进昆虫学领域的跨学科对话与不同昆虫学家群体之间的合作。期刊欢迎发表关于广泛主题的前沿研究、评论、专题文章以及具有国家或国际重要性的讨论。我们特别鼓励涵盖新兴研究领域、有争议的问题或对社会具有重要意义的主题的稿件。关于新物种、方法、害虫管理或单一物种生物学的报告通常会参考 ESA 的其他期刊。我们接受稿件的主要标准是研究质量和读者的兴趣广度。

Category	Quartile
农林科学	3
农林科学, 昆虫学	3

Instar and sex determination for Macrosaccus morrisella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

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