Mammals rely entirely on symbiotic microorganisms within their digestive tract to gain energy from plant biomass that is resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes. Especially in herbivorous animals, specialized organs (the rumen, cecum, and colon) have evolved that allow highly efficient fermentation of ingested plant biomass by complex anaerobic microbial communities. We consider here the two most intensively studied, representative gut microbial communities involved in degradation of plant fiber: those of the rumen and the human large intestine. These communities are dominated by bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. In Firmicutes, degradative capacity is largely restricted to the cell surface and involves elaborate cellulosome complexes in specialized cellulolytic species. By contrast, in the Bacteroidetes, utilization of soluble polysaccharides, encoded by gene clusters (PULs), entails outer membrane binding proteins, and degradation is largely periplasmic or intracellular. Biomass degradation involves complex interplay between these distinct groups of bacteria as well as (in the rumen) eukaryotic microorganisms.

Bryan A. White

Raphael Lamed

Edward A. Bayer

Harry J. Flint

Annual Review of Microbiology

自 1947 年出版的《微生物学年度评论》涵盖了微生物学领域的重大发展，包括细菌、古生菌、病毒和单细胞真核生物。

Since its inception in 1947, the Annual Review of Microbiology has covered significant developments in the field of microbiology, including research advancements in bacteria, archaea, viruses, and unicellular eukaryotes.

《Annual Review of Microbiology》自1947年出版以来，涵盖了微生物学领域的重要发展，包括细菌、古生菌、病毒和单细胞真核生物的研究进展。

Biomass Utilization by Gut Microbiomes

This work considers the two most intensively studied, representative gut microbial communities involved in degradation of plant fiber: those of the rumen and the human large intestine.

Category	Quartile
生物学	1
生物学, 微生物学	2

Biomass Utilization by Gut Microbiomes

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