Abstract 1 Since the late 1970s, the western flower thrips has spread from its original distribution in western North America to become a major worldwide crop pest. 2 A wide range of data sources have been used to map the original distribution in the U.S.A. and Canada, and the progress of the spread in the U.S.A., Canada, Europe, northern Africa and Australia. 3 The possible reasons for the start of the spread are discussed. The most likely reason is that intensive insecticide use in horticulture in the 1970s and 1980s selected an insecticide resistant strain or strains. These then established in glasshouses across North America and spread from there to Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. 4 The international spread of the western flower thrips occurred predominantly by the movement of horticultural material, such as cuttings, seedlings and potted plants. Within Europe, an outward spread from the original outbreak in the Netherlands is discernible. The speed of spread was 229 ± 20 km/year. 5 The spread has not been restricted to glasshouses. The western flower thrips has established outdoors in areas with milder winters; for example, across the southern U.S.A., southern Europe and Australia. It also overwinters in some regions with colder winters. 6 Polyphagous phytophagous thrips have many factors predisposing them to become worldwide crop pests, particularly in glasshouses. Some other species that might spread in a similar way to the western flower thrips are listed.

William D. J. Kirk

L. Irene Terry

Agricultural and Forest Entomology

农业和森林昆虫学提供了一个多学科和国际论坛，研究人员可以在其中向其他研究人员、政策制定者和专业人士展示他们在农业和森林昆虫学各个方面的工作。该杂志欢迎关于昆虫学研究的主要研究论文、评论和简短交流与控制昆虫和其他节肢动物害虫有关。我们邀请有关森林、农业和园艺作物的各种害虫的生物学、种群动态、影响和管理的高质量原创研究论文。

Agricultural and Forest Entomology is a multidisciplinary international forum that provides researchers with an opportunity to showcase their work in the field of agricultural and forest entomology. The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews, and short communications related to the control of insects and other arthropod pests. We particularly invite high-quality original research papers on the biology, population dynamics, impacts, and management of various pests affecting forestry, agriculture, and horticultural crops.

《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》是一个多学科的国际论坛，旨在为研究人员提供一个展示他们在农业和森林昆虫学领域工作的机会。该杂志欢迎关于昆虫学的主要研究论文、评论以及与控制昆虫和其他节肢动物害虫相关的简短交流。我们特别邀请关于森林、农业和园艺作物中各种害虫的生物学、种群动态、影响及管理的高质量原创研究论文。

The spread of the western flower thrips <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i> (Pergande)

Since the late 1970s, the western flower thrips has spread from its original distribution in western North America to become a major worldwide crop pest.

Category	Quartile
农林科学	3
农林科学, 昆虫学	3

The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)

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