Topological insulators in three dimensions are nonmagnetic insulators that possess metallic surface states (SSs) as a consequence of the nontrivial topology of electronic wavefunctions in the bulk of the material. They are the first known examples of topological order in bulk solids. We review the basic phenomena and experimental history, starting with the observation of topological insulator behavior in Bi x Sb 1− x by angle and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (spin-ARPES) and continuing through measurements on other materials and by other probes. A self-contained introduction to the single-particle theory is then given, followed by the many-particle definition of a topological insulator as a material with quantized magnetoelectric polarizability. The last section reviews recent work on strongly correlated topological insulators and new effects that arise from the proximity effect between a topological insulator and a superconductor. Although this article is not intended to be a comprehensive review of what is already a rather large field, we hope that it serves as a useful introduction, summary of recent progress, and guideline to future directions.

M. Zahid Hasan

Joel E. Moore

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics

自 2010 年出版的凝聚态物理年度回顾描述了凝聚态物理和相关学科最重要的进展。该杂志通过确定最近的发展并提出对该领域各个部分的批判性评估，为正在进行的研究做出贡献。

The Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics has been published since 2010 and aims to describe the significant advancements in condensed matter physics and related fields. The journal contributes to ongoing research by identifying recent developments and providing critical assessments of various aspects of the field.

《Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics》自2010年起出版，旨在描述凝聚态物理及相关学科的重要进展。该杂志通过识别最新的发展，并对该领域的各个部分进行批判性评估，为持续的研究提供贡献。

Category	Quartile
物理与天体物理	1
物理与天体物理, 物理凝聚态物理	1

Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER	1