As both NAND flash memory manufacturers and users are turning their attentions from planar architecture towards three-dimensional (3D) architecture, it becomes critical and urgent to understand the characteristics of 3D NAND flash memory. These characteristics, especially those different from planar NAND flash, can significantly affect design choices of flash management techniques. In this article, we present a characterization study on the state-of-the-art 3D floating gate (FG) NAND flash memory through comprehensive experiments on an FPGA-based 3D NAND flash evaluation platform. We make distinct observations on its performance and reliability, such as operation latencies and various error patterns, followed by careful analyses from physical and circuit-level perspectives. Although 3D FG NAND flash provides much higher storage densities than planar NAND flash, it faces new performance challenges of garbage collection overhead and program performance variations and more complicated reliability issues due to, e.g., distinct location dependence and value dependence of errors. We also summarize the differences between 3D FG NAND flash and planar NAND flash and discuss implications on the designs of NAND flash management techniques brought by the architecture innovation. We believe that our work will facilitate developing novel 3D FG NAND flash-oriented designs to achieve better performance and reliability.

Qin Xiong

Fei Wu

Zhonghai Lu

Yue Zhu

You Zhou

Yibing Chu

Changsheng Xie

Ping Huang

ACM Transactions on Storage

ACM TRANSACTIONS ON STORAGE (TOS) 是一本新期刊，旨在发表存储领域和密切相关学科的原始档案论文。出现在 TOS 中的文章将倾向于呈现新技术和概念，或者报告新的经验和实际系统的实验。存储是一个广泛的多学科领域，包括网络协议、资源管理、数据备份、复制、恢复、设备、安全性以及数据编码、密度和低功耗理论。这些领域之间的潜在协同作用有望开辟新的研究方向。

ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS) is an emerging academic journal dedicated to publishing original research papers in the field of storage and closely related disciplines. Articles published in TOS tend to present new technologies and concepts or report on new experiences and experimental results from practical systems. Storage is a broad multidisciplinary field that includes network protocols, resource management, data backup, replication, recovery, device security, as well as data encoding, density, and low-power theories. The potential synergies among these areas are expected to open up new research directions.

《ACM Transactions on Storage》（TOS）是一本新兴的学术期刊，专注于发表存储领域及其相关学科的原创研究论文。TOS刊登的文章通常展示新技术和概念，或报告新的经验和实际系统的实验结果。存储是一个广泛的多学科领域，涵盖网络协议、资源管理、数据备份、复制、恢复、设备安全性，以及数据编码、密度和低功耗理论等方面。这些领域之间的潜在协同作用有望开辟新的研究方向。

Characterizing 3D Floating Gate NAND Flash

This article presents a characterization study on the state-of-the-art 3D floating gate (FG) NAND flash memory through comprehensive experiments on an FPGA-based 3D NAND flash evaluation platform and makes distinct observations on its performance and reliability.

Category	Quartile
计算机科学	3
计算机科学, 计算机硬件	3
计算机科学, 计算机软件工程	3

Characterizing 3D Floating Gate NAND Flash

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING	2