ABSTRACT Understanding changes in snow distribution in permafrost ecosystems is fundamental to predicting their response to future climate change. The expansion of tall shrubs into tundra ecosystems can trap snow and insulate permafrost ecosystems during the winter, but the overall insulation effect is dependent upon many ecosystem properties. To study shrub–snow–ground interactions, small temperature sensors were deployed at two research sites on the Seward Peninsula of Alaska, USA, during the 2019–2020 winter. Snow temperatures were used to extrapolate multiple metrics, including freezing n‐factors, the snow insulation effect, snow cover duration, and the length of the snowmelt period. Statistical and spatial analysis showed that shrub patches were a dominant control on all snow metrics. Within shrub patches, average ground temperatures were 2.1°C warmer, snow persisted 50 days longer, snow insulation was double, and a longer, later spring snowmelt period occurred compared to nonshrubby areas. Site‐level differences contributed relatively little to variation in snow metrics, indicating that shrub presence is an overarching driver of snow–ground interactions at the locations examined. Shrub expansion, which is anticipated under climate change, will strongly impact future permafrost distribution and Arctic energy, water, and carbon cycles through snow–shrub–ground feedbacks.

Emma Lathrop

Lauren Thomas

Eve Gasarch

Claire Bachand

W. Robert Bolton

Robert Busey

Ryan L. Crumley

Julian Dann

Shannon L. Dillard

Katrina E. Bennett

Permafrost and Periglacial Processes

PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES 是一本国际期刊，致力于快速发表与（亚）北极、南极和高山环境中存在的地球表面低温过程、地貌和沉积物有关的科学和技术论文。它为那些对寒冷的非冰川地球科学感兴趣的人提供了一种有效的交流工具。重点是 (1) 基于这些地区的地貌、水文、沉积学、岩土工程和工程方面的原始研究，以及 (2) 对残留特征进行的原始研究，其目的是重建过程的性质和/或产生这些特征的古环境，而不是纯粹的地层考虑。该杂志还发表简短的通讯、评论、讨论和书评。 PPP 的高科学标准、跨学科特征和全球代表性由区域编辑支持和严格的裁判系统维持。

Permafrost and Periglacial Processes is an international journal dedicated to the rapid publication of scientific and technical papers related to low-temperature processes, landforms, and sediments in (sub)arctic, Antarctic, and alpine environments. It serves as an effective communication tool for those interested in cold non-glacial earth sciences. The focus is on (1) original research based on geomorphology, hydrology, sedimentology, geotechnical engineering, and engineering aspects in these regions, and (2) original studies of residual features aimed at reconstructing the nature of processes and/or the paleoenvironments that produced these features, rather than purely stratigraphic considerations. The journal also publishes brief communications, reviews, discussions, and book reviews. The high scientific standards, interdisciplinary nature, and global representation of Permafrost and Periglacial Processes are maintained through the support of regional editors and a rigorous peer-review system.

《Permafrost and Periglacial Processes》是一本国际期刊，专注于快速发表与（亚）北极、南极及高山环境中的低温地表过程、地貌和沉积物相关的科学与技术论文。该期刊为对寒冷非冰川地球科学感兴趣的研究者提供了一个有效的交流平台。主要关注以下两个方面：(1) 基于这些地区的地貌、水文、沉积学、岩土工程及工程领域的原创研究；(2) 对残留特征的原创研究，旨在重建过程的性质及产生这些特征的古环境，而不仅仅是纯粹的地层研究。此外，期刊还发表简短的通讯、评论、讨论和书评。《Permafrost and Periglacial Processes》以其高科学标准、跨学科特征和全球代表性而闻名，这些都得益于区域编辑的支持和严格的审稿制度。

Category	Quartile
地球科学	3
地球科学, 地质学	2
地球科学, 自然地理	3

Shrubs Strongly Influence Snow Properties in Two Subarctic Watersheds

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