Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) combined with site-directed spin labeling can provide distance distributions between selected protein residues to investigate protein structure and conformational heterogeneity. The utilization of the full quantitative information contained in DEER data requires effective protein and spin label modeling methods. Here, we review the application of DEER data to protein modeling. First, we discuss the significance of spin label modeling for accurate extraction of protein structural information and review the most popular label modeling methods. Next, we review several important aspects of protein modeling with DEER, including site selection, how DEER restraints are applied, common artifacts, and the unique potential of DEER data for modeling structural ensembles and conformational landscapes. Finally, we discuss common applications of protein modeling with DEER data and provide an outlook.

Maxx H. Tessmer

Stefan Stoll

Annual Review of Biophysics

自 1972 年出版的《生物物理学年度回顾》涵盖了生物物理学领域的重大发展，包括大分子结构、功能和动力学、理论和计算生物物理学、细胞的分子生物物理学、物理系统生物学、膜生物物理学、生物技术、纳米技术、和新兴技术。

Published since 1972, the Annual Review of Biophysics covers significant developments in the field of biophysics, including macromolecular structure, function and dynamics, theoretical and computational biophysics, molecular biophysics of cells, physical systems biology, membrane biophysics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and emerging technologies.

《Annual Review of Biophysics》自1972年出版，涵盖了生物物理学领域的重大进展，包括大分子结构、功能和动力学、理论与计算生物物理学、细胞分子生物物理学、物理系统生物学、膜生物物理学、生物技术、纳米技术以及新兴技术。

Category	Quartile
生物学	1
生物学, 生物物理	1

Protein Modeling with DEER Spectroscopy

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