Abstract Enclosed parking garages require mechanical ventilation fans to dilute concentrations of pollutants emitted from vehicles, which contributes to energy use and peak electricity demand. This study develops and applies a simulation framework combining multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling, fan affinity laws, and realistic assumptions for vehicle traffic patterns and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to improve our ability to predict the impacts of various ventilation control strategies on indoor air quality and fan energy use in parking garages. The simulation approach is validated using measured data from a parking garage case study and then applied to investigate fan energy use, peak power demand, and resulting CO concentrations for four different ventilation control strategies in a model underground parking garage under a variety of assumptions for model inputs. The four ventilation control strategies evaluated include one simplistic schedule (i.e., Always-On) and three demand-based strategies in which fan speed is a function of CO concentrations in the spaces, including Linear-Demand Control Ventilation (DCV), Standardized Variable Flow (SVF), and a simple On-Off strategy. The estimated annual average fan energy consumption was consistently lowest with the Linear-DCV strategy, resulting in average (± standard deviation) energy savings across all modeled scenarios of 843%±0.4%, 72.8%±3.6%, and 97.9%±0.1% compared to SVF, On-Off, and Always-On strategies, respectively. The utility of the framework described herein is that it can be used to model energy and indoor air quality impacts of other parking garage configurations and control scenarios.

Afshin Faramarzi

Jongki Lee

Brent Stephens

Mohammad Heidarinejad

Building Simulation

建筑模拟：国际期刊发表原创、高质量、同行评议的研究论文和评论文章，涉及建筑及其系统的建模和模拟。目标是将建筑科学和技术领域提升到这样一个水平，即建模最终将作为常规而不是例外用于建筑施工的各个方面。特别感兴趣的是反映建模工具的最新发展和应用及其对建筑科学和技术进步的影响的论文。

Building Simulation is an international journal dedicated to publishing original, high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers and review articles that focus on the modeling and simulation of buildings and their systems. The aim is to elevate the field of building science and technology to a level where modeling becomes a routine practice in all aspects of building construction, rather than an exception. We are particularly interested in papers that reflect the latest developments and applications of modeling tools and their impact on advancements in building science and technology.

《Building Simulation》是一本国际期刊，专注于发表原创、高质量、经过同行评审的研究论文和评论文章，内容涵盖建筑及其系统的建模与模拟。期刊的目标是推动建筑科学与技术的发展，使建模成为建筑施工各个方面的常规实践，而非例外。我们特别欢迎反映建模工具最新发展及其在建筑科学与技术进步中应用的研究论文。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	1
工程技术, 结构与建筑技术	2
工程技术, 热力学	2

Assessing ventilation control strategies in underground parking garages

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