The stability of chlorate in pulp mill wastewaters was studied both in mill and laboratory scale. Chlorate, chlorite and chloride concentrations were compared at different process phases from three mills. The laboratory-scale experiment was carried out with pulp mill wastewater and biosludge using parallel batch activated sludge process units. The study confirmed that chlorate can be removed from ECF kraft pulp mill wastewaters under long enough anoxic conditions in the equalisation basin or at the beginning of the activated sludge process. A further observation was that chlorate can be removed with a semi-anoxic phase. According to laboratory-scale experiments the efficiency of chlorate removal in semi-anoxic conditions was found to be equal to that in the anoxic phase, in which the aeration of sludge was completely hindered.

Sakari Toivakainen

Timo Laukkanen

Heini Jokinen

Olli Dahl

Appita journal

Appita Journal publishes peer reviewed, original manuscripts related to the pulp, paper, packaging and bioproduct industries and associated fields.

The Appita Journal is a peer-reviewed publication dedicated to publishing original research manuscripts related to the pulp, paper, packaging, and bioproduct industries and their associated fields.

《Appita Journal》是一本经过同行评审的期刊，专注于发布与纸浆、纸张、包装和生物产品行业及相关领域的原创研究论文。

Chlorate Reduction in Kraft Pulp Mill Wastewater Treatment Processes

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