The human brain exhibits high degree of individual variability in both its structure and function, which underlies inter-subject differences in cognition and behavior. It was previously shown that functional connectivity is more variable in the hetero-modal association cortex but less variable in the unimodal cortices. Structural connectivity is the anatomical substrate of functional connectivity, but the spatial and temporal patterns of individual variability in structural connectivity (IVSC) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we discovered a detailed and robust chart of IVSC obtained by applying diffusion MRI and tractography techniques to 1724 adults (770 males and 954 females) from multiple imaging datasets. Our results showed that the structural connectivity exhibited the highest and lowest variability in the limbic regions and the unimodal sensorimotor regions, respectively. With increased age, higher IVSC was observed across most brain regions. Moreover, the specific spatial distribution of IVSC is related to the cortical laminar differentiation and myelination content. Finally, we proposed a modified ridge regression model to predict individual cognition and generated idiographic brain mapping, which was significantly correlated with the spatial pattern of IVSC. Overall, our findings further contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of individual variability in brain structural connectivity and link to the prediction of individual cognitive function in adult subjects.

Weijie Huang

Haojie Chen

Zhenzhao Liu

Xinyi Dong

Guozheng Feng

Guangfang Liu

Aocai Yang

Zhanjun Zhang

Amir Shmuel

Li Su

Guolin Ma

Ni Shu

Journal of Neuroscience

JNEUROSCI (ISSN 0270-6474) 是神经科学学会的官方期刊。它由协会每周出版，一年五十周，一年一卷。 JNEUROSCI 发表的论文涉及神经系统研究人员普遍感兴趣的广泛主题。作者现在可以为其发表的文章提供开放选择选项

The Journal of Neuroscience (ISSN 0270-6474) is the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. It is published weekly, with fifty issues per year, forming one volume annually. The journal publishes papers covering a wide range of topics of interest to researchers in the field of neuroscience. Authors now have the option to provide open access for their published articles.

《Journal of Neuroscience》（ISSN 0270-6474）是神经科学学会的官方期刊。该期刊每周出版一次，每年出版五十期，形成一卷。期刊发表的论文涵盖了神经系统研究领域的广泛主题，旨在满足研究人员的兴趣。此外，作者现在可以为其发表的文章选择开放获取选项。

Category	Quartile
医学	2
医学, 神经科学	2

Individual Variability in the Structural Connectivity Architecture of the Human Brain

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