Anemia in pregnancy, defined by a hemoglobin level (Hb) of less than 110 g/L, contributes to infant mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal Hb changes physiologically and pathologically during pregnancy. However, the impact of these changes on long-term child neurocognitive function is unknown. This study therefore investigates the association between Hb at specific antenatal care visits and prenatal Hb trajectories during pregnancy and long-term child neurocognitive function. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study that included 6-year-old singleton children born to women enrolled before 29 weeks of gestation into an antimalarial drug clinical trial. Hemoglobin level was analyzed from venous blood collected at least twice during pregnancy and at delivery. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct prenatal Hb trajectories. In total, 478 children (75.1% of eligible children) had assessment of cognitive and motor functions at 6 years of age. Three distinct Hb trajectories were identified: persistently anemic (Hb &lt;110 g/L throughout the second and third trimesters), anemic to nonanemic (Hb &lt;110 g/L at second trimester with increasing Hb toward the third trimester to Hb ≥110 g/L), and persistently nonanemic (Hb ≥110 g/L throughout the second and third trimesters). Children of women in the persistently anemic and anemic-to-nonanemic groups had significantly lower neurocognitive scores than children of women in the persistently nonanemic group (β = −6.8, 95% CI: −11.7 to −1.8; and β = −6.3, 95% CI: −10.4 to −2.2, respectively). The study shows that maintaining an elevation of Hb at or above 110 g/L from the second to third trimester of pregnancy may be associated with optimal long-term child neurocognitive function.

Michael O. Mireku

Michael J. Boivin

Roméo Zoumenou

Amanda Garrison

Michel Cot

Jules Alao

Nadine Fievet

Achille Massougbodji

Florence Bodeau-Livinec

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

美国热带医学与卫生杂志成立于 1921 年，由美国热带医学与卫生学会每月出版。它是世界顶级热带医学期刊之一，发表原创科学文章和涵盖新研究的最新科学，重点关注人口、临床和实验室科学以及热带医学、寄生虫学、免疫学等领域的技术应用。传染病、流行病学、基础和分子生物学、病毒学和国际医学。该杂志发表未经请求的同行评审手稿、评论文章、简短报告、临床热带医学中的图像、案例研究、关于新药疗效和治疗方法的报告, 预防和控制方法, 新的检测方法和设备, 书籍报告和致编辑的信。主题范围从艾滋病等相关领域的应用流行病学到疫苗开发的分子生物学。该杂志对关注热带地区和发展中国家健康问题的流行病学家、寄生虫学家、病毒学家、临床医生、昆虫学家和公共卫生官员感兴趣和新出现的传染病。主要资助机构，包括活跃于公共卫生领域的慈善机构和政府机构，以及世界各地的医学和科学图书馆都购买该期刊。每年出版两份或更多关于特别感兴趣的主题的期刊增刊。这些增刊代表了对热带病专家关注的问题和发展中国家的健康问题的全面和多学科讨论

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, established in 1921, is published monthly by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. It is one of the world's leading journals in tropical medicine, publishing original scientific articles and covering the latest scientific research, with a focus on the application of techniques in areas such as population studies, clinical and laboratory sciences, tropical medicine, parasitology, and immunology. The journal addresses topics including infectious diseases, epidemiology, basic and molecular biology, virology, and international medicine. It publishes unsolicited peer-reviewed manuscripts, review articles, brief reports, images in clinical tropical medicine, case studies, reports on the efficacy of new drugs and treatments, prevention and control methods, new diagnostic methods and devices, book reviews, and letters to the editor. The subject matter ranges from applied epidemiology related to diseases like AIDS to the molecular biology of vaccine development. The journal is of interest to epidemiologists, parasitologists, virologists, clinicians, entomologists, and public health officials who focus on health issues in tropical regions and developing countries, as well as researchers studying emerging infectious diseases. Major funding agencies, including charities and government organizations active in public health, as well as medical and scientific libraries worldwide, subscribe to the journal. Each year, two or more supplements on topics of special interest are published, representing comprehensive and multidisciplinary discussions on issues of concern to tropical disease experts and health problems in developing countries.

《American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene》创刊于1921年，由美国热带医学与卫生学会每月出版。作为全球顶尖的热带医学期刊之一，该杂志发表原创科学研究文章，涵盖最新的科学发现，重点关注人口、临床和实验室科学，以及热带医学、寄生虫学、免疫学等领域的技术应用。内容涉及传染病、流行病学、基础和分子生物学、病毒学和国际医学等多个领域。该杂志接受未经请求的同行评审手稿、评论文章、简短报告、临床热带医学中的图像、案例研究、新药疗效和治疗方法的报告、预防和控制方法、新的检测方法和设备、书籍评论及致编辑的信件。主题范围从艾滋病等相关领域的应用流行病学到疫苗开发的分子生物学。该杂志吸引了关注热带地区和发展中国家健康问题的流行病学家、寄生虫学家、病毒学家、临床医生、昆虫学家和公共卫生官员，以及新出现的传染病研究者。主要资助机构包括活跃于公共卫生领域的慈善机构和政府机构，以及世界各地的医学和科学图书馆，均购买该期刊。每年出版两期或更多关于特别感兴趣主题的增刊，这些增刊代表了对热带病专家关注的问题和发展中国家健康问题的全面和多学科讨论。

Category	Quartile
医学	4
医学, 热带医学	3
医学, 公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生	4

Prenatal Hemoglobin Concentration and Long-Term Child Neurocognitive Development

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
TROPICAL MEDICINE	2