Chromosomal inversions are structural mutations that can play a prominent role in adaptation and speciation. Inversions segregating across species boundaries (trans-species inversions) are often taken as evidence for ancient balancing selection or adaptive introgression, but can also be due to incomplete lineage sorting. Using whole-genome resequencing data from 18 populations of 11 recognized munia species in the genus Lonchura (N = 176 individuals), we identify four large para- and pericentric inversions ranging in size from 4 to 20 Mb. All four inversions cosegregate across multiple species and predate the numerous speciation events associated with the rapid radiation of this clade across the prehistoric Sahul (Australia, New Guinea) and Bismarck Archipelago. Using coalescent theory, we infer that trans-specificity is improbable for neutrally segregating variation despite substantial incomplete lineage sorting characterizing this young radiation. Instead, the maintenance of all three autosomal inversions (chr1, chr5, and chr6) is best explained by selection acting along ecogeographic clines not observed for the collinear parts of the genome. In addition, the sex chromosome inversion largely aligns with species boundaries and shows signatures of repeated positive selection for both alleles. This study provides evidence for trans-species inversion polymorphisms involved in both adaptation and speciation. It further highlights the importance of informing selection inference using a null model of neutral evolution derived from the collinear part of the genome.

Ulrich Knief

Ingo A Müller

Katherine F Stryjewski

Dirk Metzler

Michael D Sorenson

Jochen B W Wolf

Molecular Biology and Evolution

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION 在分子（包括基因组学）和进化生物学的界面发表研究。我们考虑包含人口、分类、功能和表型组织各个层次的模式、过程和预测的手稿。除了具有更广泛范围和影响的基本发现外，我们还对出版新的和改进的方法、资源、技术和理论感兴趣，这些方法、资源、技术和理论将显着推进进化研究。我们还发表了对基因组进化最新发展的平衡评论和前瞻性观点，提出了分子进化领域或应用的未来方向。

The journal "Molecular Biology and Evolution" focuses on the interface of molecular biology and evolutionary biology, publishing research in this area. We welcome manuscripts that address patterns, processes, and predictions across various levels, including population, taxonomy, function, and phenotype. In addition to fundamental findings with broad implications, we are also interested in publishing new and improved methods, resources, technologies, and theories that significantly advance evolutionary research. Furthermore, we publish balanced reviews and forward-looking perspectives on the latest developments in genome evolution, proposing future directions for the field of molecular evolution and its applications.

《Molecular Biology and Evolution》期刊专注于分子生物学与进化生物学的交叉领域，发表相关研究成果。我们欢迎涉及种群、分类、功能和表型等多个层面的模式、过程和预测的手稿。除了具有广泛影响的基础研究发现外，我们也对新的和改进的方法、资源、技术和理论感兴趣，这些内容将显著推动进化研究的发展。此外，我们还发表关于基因组进化最新进展的综合评论和前瞻性观点，探讨分子进化领域及其应用的未来方向。

Evolution of chromosomal inversions across an avian radiation

Evidence is provided for trans-species inversion polymorphisms involved in both adaptation and speciation and further highlights the importance of informing selection inference using a null model of neutral evolution derived from the collinear part of the genome.

Category	Quartile
生物学	1
生物学, 遗传学	1
生物学, 生化与分子生物学	2
生物学, 进化生物学	2

Evolution of chromosomal inversions across an avian radiation

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Category	Quartile
GENETICS & HEREDITY	1