ABSTRACT Children are the builders of the future, and their education is crucial for societal development. This study aims to identify and analyse the barriers that prevent marginalised communities from participating in educational activities and explore strategies for overcoming these obstacles. Focused on Pakistan, which has the second highest number of out‐of‐school (OOS) children globally according to UNICEF, this research utilises data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Wave 6. Employing logistic regression and generalised structural equation modelling (GSEM), we investigate the impact of foundational skills, child disabilities, socioeconomic factors and regional differences on school attendance. The study particularly examines the role of financial assistance, including tuition fees and social transfers, in addressing the issue of out‐of‐school (OOS) children. The findings highlight the need for inclusive policies, adequate funding and enhanced foundational skills to improve school attendance and academic outcomes.

Heng Zhang

Shahla Akram

Mehboob Ul Hassan

Muhammad Farrukh Shahzad

Children & Society

Children & Society is an interdisciplinary journal publishing high quality research and debate on all aspects of childhood and policies and services for children and young people. The journal is based in the United Kingdom, with an international range and scope.    The journal informs all those who work with and for children, young people and their families by publishing innovative papers on research and practice across a broad spectrum of topics, including: theories of childhood; children"s everyday lives at home, school and in the community; children"s culture, rights and participation; children"s health and well-being; child protection, early prevention and intervention.

Children & Society is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes high-quality research and discussions on all aspects of childhood, as well as policies and services for children and young people. Based in the United Kingdom, the journal has an international scope and reach. It aims to inform all those who work with and for children, young people, and their families by publishing innovative papers on research and practice across a broad spectrum of topics, including theories of childhood; children's everyday lives at home, school, and in the community; children's culture, rights, and participation; children's health and well-being; and child protection, early prevention, and intervention.

《Children and Society》是一本跨学科期刊，发表关于儿童及其政策和服务的高质量研究和讨论。该期刊总部位于英国，具有国际范围和视野。期刊旨在为所有与儿童、青少年及其家庭工作的人士提供信息，发表关于研究和实践的创新论文，涵盖广泛的主题，包括：儿童理论；儿童在家庭、学校和社区的日常生活；儿童文化、权利和参与；儿童健康与福祉；儿童保护、早期预防和干预。

Category	Quartile
社会学	3
社会学, 社会工作	3

A Multilevel Analysis of Out‐of‐School Children by Gender and Educational Level

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
SOCIAL WORK	2