Abstract Purpose Pain is a frequent finding in surgical and trauma patients, and effective pain control remains a common challenge in the hospital setting. Opioids have traditionally been the foundation of pain management; however, these agents are associated with various adverse effects and risks of dependence and diversion. Summary In response to the rising national opioid epidemic and the various risks associated with opioid use, multimodal pain management through use of nonopioid analgesics such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, α 2 agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, skeletal muscle relaxants, sodium channel blockers, and local anesthetics has gained popularity recently. Multimodal analgesia has synergistic therapeutic effects and can decrease adverse effects by enabling use of lower doses of each agent in the multimodal regimen. This review discusses properties of the various nonopioid analgesics and encourages pharmacists to play an active role in the selection, initiation, and dose-titration of multimodal analgesia. The choice of nonopioid agents should be based on patient comorbidities, hemodynamic stability, and the agents’ respective adverse effect profiles. A multidisciplinary plan for management of pain should be formulated during transitions of care and is an area of opportunity for pharmacists to improve patient care. Conclusion Multimodal analgesia effectively treats pain while decreasing adverse effects. There is mounting evidence to support use of this strategy to decrease opioid use. As medication experts, pharmacists can play a key role in the selection, initiation, and dose-titration of analgesic agents based on patient-specific factors.

Stephy George

Meagan Johns

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

美国卫生系统药学杂志 (AJHP) 是美国卫生系统药剂师协会 (ASHP) 的官方出版物。它发表了关于医院和卫生系统中当代药物治疗和药学实践创新的同行评审科学论文。 AJHP 的发行量超过 43,000 份，是世界上最广泛认可和最受尊敬的临床药学期刊。

The American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (AJHP) is the official publication of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). It publishes peer-reviewed scientific papers on contemporary drug therapy and innovations in pharmacy practice within hospitals and health systems. With a circulation of over 43,000 copies, AJHP is one of the most widely recognized and respected clinical pharmacy journals in the world.

《American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy》（AJHP）是美国卫生系统药剂师协会（ASHP）的官方出版物。该期刊发表关于医院和卫生系统中现代药物治疗及药学实践创新的同行评审科学论文。AJHP的发行量超过43,000份，是全球最受认可和尊敬的临床药学期刊之一。

Review of nonopioid multimodal analgesia for surgical and trauma patients

There is mounting evidence to support use of this strategy to decrease opioid use and a multidisciplinary plan for management of pain should be formulated during transitions of care and is an area of opportunity for pharmacists to improve patient care.

Category	Quartile
医学	4
医学, 药学	4

Review of nonopioid multimodal analgesia for surgical and trauma patients

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY	3