The Westinghouse Lead Fast Reactor (LFR) is a 450 MWe class, lead-cooled, fast neutron spectrum, pool-type reactor with passive safety systems. The passive heat removal system (PHRS) is the emergency decay heat removal system of this LFR. A distinctive feature of the PHRS is that it is always on, and does not require any operator intervention, signals of intelligence or moving parts for the actuation and operation, consistent with the IAEA passive safety category B. The system initially removes heat through water boiling and subsequently transitions to (indefinite) air cooling. To assess the performance of the PHRS and provide experimental data for the verification and validation of modeling and simulation tools, the passive heat removal facility (PHRF) has been built at the Ansaldo Nuclear's site in Wolverhampton, UK, with the support from the United Kingdom Government and international partners. The PHRF is a full-height separate effects test facility that follows the power-to-volume scaling rule to maximize its prototypicality. The test matrix of the first phase of testing included both air cooling tests and transition tests from water cooling to air cooling. A significant amount of experimental data were generated in the first phase of testing, confirming the performance of the PHRS both in air cooling mode and during the transition from water cooling to air cooling.

Jun Liao

Megan Durse

Richard F. Wright

Emre Tatli

Paolo Ferroni

Marco Caramello

Michele Frignani

Giorgio K. Youssef

Rhodri Watkins

Graham Macpherson

Annals of Nuclear Energy

《核能年鉴》为交流核能科学和技术领域所有领域的原创研究、想法和发展提供了一个国际媒介。其范围包括核燃料储备、燃料循环和成本、材料、加工、系统和组件技术（仅限裂变）、设计和优化、核能源的直接转换、环境控制、反应堆物理、传热和流体动力学、结构分析、燃料管理、未来发展、核燃料和安全、核气溶胶、中子物理学、计算机技术（软件和硬件）、风险评估、放射性废物处理和反应堆热工水力学。提交给年鉴的论文需要证明与核能发电/核工程有明确的联系。涉及纯核物理、纯健康物理、成像或混凝土和各种地质材料的衰减和屏蔽性能的论文不在期刊范围内。此外，涉及政策或经济学的论文也不属于该期刊的范围。

The Annals of Nuclear Energy is an international journal dedicated to the exchange of original research, ideas, and developments in the field of nuclear science and technology. Its scope includes nuclear fuel reserves, fuel cycle and costs, materials, processing, system and component technologies (limited to fission), design and optimization, direct conversion of nuclear energy, environmental control, reactor physics, heat transfer and fluid dynamics, structural analysis, fuel management, future developments, nuclear fuel and safety, nuclear aerosols, neutron physics, computer technology (software and hardware), risk assessment, radioactive waste management, and reactor thermal hydraulics. Papers submitted to the journal must demonstrate a clear connection to nuclear power generation or nuclear engineering. Papers focusing on pure nuclear physics, pure health physics, imaging technologies, or the attenuation and shielding properties of concrete and various geological materials are outside the scope of the journal. Additionally, papers addressing policy or economics are not included in the journal's scope.

《Annals of Nuclear Energy》是一个国际性期刊，旨在交流核能科学和技术领域的原创研究、思想和发展。期刊的范围涵盖核燃料储备、燃料循环与成本、材料、加工、系统与组件技术（仅限于裂变）、设计与优化、核能的直接转换、环境控制、反应堆物理、传热与流体动力学、结构分析、燃料管理、未来发展、核燃料与安全、核气溶胶、中子物理学、计算机技术（软件与硬件）、风险评估、放射性废物处理以及反应堆热工水力学。提交给本期刊的论文必须与核能发电或核工程有明确的联系。涉及纯核物理、纯健康物理、成像技术或混凝土及各种地质材料的衰减和屏蔽性能的论文不在期刊的范围之内。此外，涉及政策或经济学的论文也不属于本期刊的范畴。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	3
工程技术, 核科学技术	2

The passive heat removal facility (PHRF) and its first phase experiments

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Category	Quartile
NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY	1