This research investigates 3- and 5-year-olds' relative fairness in distributing small collections of even or odd numbers of more or less desirable candies, either with an adult experimenter or between two dolls. The authors compare more than 200 children from around the world, growing up in seven highly contrasted cultural and economic contexts, from rich and poor urban areas, to small-scale traditional and rural communities. Across cultures, young children tend to optimize their own gain, not showing many signs of self-sacrifice or generosity. Already by 3 years of age, self-optimizing in distributive justice is based on perspective taking and rudiments of mind reading. By 5 years, overall, children tend to show more fairness in sharing. What varies across cultures is the magnitude of young children's self-interest. More fairness (less self-interest) in distributive justice is evident by children growing up in small-scale urban and traditional societies thought to promote more collective values.

Philippe Rochat

Maria D. G. Dias

None Guo Liping

Tanya Broesch

Claudia Passos-Ferreira

Ashley Winning

Britt Berg

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology publishes papers that focus on the interrelationships between culture and psychological processes. Submitted manuscripts may report results from either cross-cultural comparative research or results from other types of research concerning the ways in which culture (and related concepts such as ethnicity) affect the thinking and behavior of individuals as well as how individual thought and behavior define and reflect aspects of culture. Review papers and innovative reformulations of cross-cultural theory will also be considered. Studies reporting data from within a single nation should focus on cross-cultural perspective. Empirical studies must be described in sufficient detail to be potentially replicable.

The Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology publishes papers that focus on the interrelationships between culture and psychological processes. Submitted manuscripts may report results from cross-cultural comparative research or other types of research concerning how culture (and related concepts such as ethnicity) affects individual thinking and behavior, as well as how individual thought and behavior define and reflect aspects of culture. Review papers and innovative reformulations of cross-cultural theory are also welcome. Studies reporting data from within a single nation should focus on a cross-cultural perspective. Empirical studies must be described in sufficient detail to be potentially replicable.

《Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology》致力于发表关注文化与心理过程之间相互关系的论文。提交的手稿可以报告跨文化比较研究的结果，也可以是其他类型的研究，探讨文化（及相关概念如民族性）如何影响个体的思维和行为，以及个体的思维和行为如何定义和反映文化的各个方面。我们也欢迎综述性论文和对跨文化理论的创新性重新阐述。报告来自单一国家的数据的研究应聚焦于跨文化视角。实证研究必须详细描述，以便于潜在的可重复性。

Category	Quartile
心理学	3
心理学, 心理学社会	3

Fairness in Distributive Justice by 3- and 5-Year-Olds Across Seven Cultures

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL	2