The intestinal microenvironment represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem, comprising a diverse range of epithelial and non-epithelial cells, a protective mucus layer, and a diverse community of gut microbiota. Understanding the intricate interplay between these components is essential for uncovering the mechanisms underlying intestinal health and disease. The development of intestinal organoids, 3D mini-intestines that closely mimic the architecture, cellular diversity, and functionality of the intestine, offers a powerful platform for investigating different aspects of intestinal physiology and pathology. However, current intestinal organoid models, mainly adult stem cell-derived organoids, lack the non-epithelial and microbial components of the intestinal microenvironment. As such, several co-culture systems have been developed to co-culture intestinal organoids with other intestinal elements including microbes (bacteria and viruses) and immune, stromal, and neural cells. These co-culture models allow researchers to recreate the complex intestinal environment and study the intricate crosstalk between different components of the intestinal ecosystem under healthy and pathological conditions. Currently, there are several approaches and methodologies to establish intestinal organoid co-cultures, and each approach has its own strengths and limitations. This review discusses the existing methods for co-culturing intestinal organoids with different intestinal elements, focusing on the methodological approaches, strengths and limitations, and future directions.

Ghanyah Al-Qadami

Anita Raposo

Chia-Chi Chien

Chenkai Ma

Ilka Priebe

Maryam Hor

Kim Fung

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

美国生理学杂志-胃肠和肝脏生理学发表原创文章，涉及胃肠道、肝胆系统和胰腺的正常或异常功能研究的各个方面。鼓励作者提交涉及与这些器官相关的生长和发育、消化、分泌、吸收、代谢和运动的手稿，以及涉及免疫和炎症过程以及影响神经、内分泌和循环控制机制的研究报告。这些器官。

The American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology publishes original research articles covering all aspects of normal and abnormal functions of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system, and pancreas. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts related to the growth and development, digestion, secretion, absorption, metabolism, and motility of these organs, as well as research reports involving immune and inflammatory processes and studies affecting neural, endocrine, and circulatory control mechanisms.

《American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology》发表原创研究文章，涵盖胃肠道、肝胆系统和胰腺的正常与异常功能。我们鼓励作者提交与这些器官相关的生长与发育、消化、分泌、吸收、代谢和运动的研究稿件，同时也欢迎涉及免疫和炎症过程，以及影响神经、内分泌和循环控制机制的研究报告。

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 生理学	2
医学, 胃肠肝病学	3

Intestinal organoid co-culture systems: current approaches, challenges, and future directions

ivySCI AI Smartly Parses PDF, Answers Researchers' Questions, and Helps You Understand Papers in Seconds

Journal Info