ACTA AGRIC. SCAND.

M G Hansson

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica

Introduction to discussion on ethical matters

伦理问题讨论导论

Abstract The Towards a Policy Model of Multifunctional Agriculture and Rural Development project explored the complex interrelationships between policies, the multiple functions of farming, the development of rural regions and the quality of life of their inhabitants. It demonstrated that the same policy interventions in different regions could lead to varying outcomes depending on the local economic, social and environmental contexts.This paper builds on previous work by Johnson et al. and Bryden et al. It further explores these relationships and evaluates the extent to which social, economic and environmental variables are affected by the implementation of policy in different jurisdictions. We compare Hordaland in Norway with Vasterbotten in Sweden. Results support the conclusions of Bryden et al. and sustain the notion that Hordaland agriculture is more ‘multifunctional’ than Vasterbotten and stress the link between rural and agricultural policies, and quality of life in rural regions.

Sara Alva-Lizarraga

Karen Refsgaard

Thomas G. Johnson

Comparative analysis of agriculture and rural policies in Västerbotten and Hordaland using the POMMARD-model

基于POMMARD模型的韦斯特博滕与霍达兰农业和农村政策比较分析

The existence of an appropriate institutional framework pertaining to the financial system in agriculture, which will support efficient financial mediation, reduce transaction costs, and facilitate the farmers' access to loaned capital on favorable terms, is considered to be an essential step as regards the course of competitiveness in Greek agriculture. This paper is based on an empirical study on a sample of farmers. The aim of this research study is to examine the farmers' satisfaction with current structures and services related to agricultural credit, as provided in Greece at present. On a second level, the objective of this paper is to develop a typology of farmers, based on their satisfaction structures (by a methodological scheme based on Principal Axes Factoring (PAF), Hierarchical and K-Means Cluster Analysis). The results of this typology will allow for conclusions and proposals to be deduced, regarding the potential for improving agricultural credit, with the growth of the agricultural sector as the ultimate aim. The PAF highlighted five factors-dimensions that can be used to analyze the farmers' satisfaction with agricultural credit. The first and most important factor is linked to the financial terms of credit and to transaction costs. The second focuses on the human aspect of services, facilities, and equipment. The third factor pertains to the possibility of receiving such services on a personal basis. The fourth is linked to the terms of lending, and the fifth factor exclusively defines the particular properties of agricultural credit. The typology includes three farmer clusters. Cluster S₁ consists of the least satisfied farmers, whose displeasure focuses on the financial terms for banking transactions. Cluster S₂ consists of farmers who portray a high degree of satisfaction with the provided services and level of service, but disagree on the financial terms for credit and the cost of transactions. Cluster S₃ involves farmers who are more satisfied overall. This cluster is dominated by younger farmers with a high educational level, who achieve a high monthly income in their majority. More specifically, the farmers in all three clusters express displeasure as regards the particular characteristics of the agricultural credit provided. Finally, there is a relation of the current economic crisis with the agricultural credit system.

Stamatis Aggelopoulos

Spyridon Mamalis

Konstadinos Soutsas

Farmers' satisfaction with agricultural credit: The case of Greece

农民对农业信贷的满意度：以希腊为例

Winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa spp. oleifera) is an underutilized crop that deserves to be revitalized for use in high-latitude agriculture. Many crop rotations around the world are dependent on the small-grain cereals, and turnip rape as a break crop, with its range of secondary chemicals, helps to suppress weeds, nematodes and pathogenic fungi. It may be used as an energy crop, it can restrict erosion and nutrient leaching while also improving soil structure and fertility, and it requires relatively low inputs. Although winter turnip rape was once the major oil crop in Finland, in the 1970s it was replaced by spring turnip rape, the lower erucic acid and glucosinolate contents of which made it suitable for food and feed uses. Winter hardiness of the crop could be improved, and industrial end uses, such as lubricants for which high erucic acid content is preferred, targeted in the first instance. Breeding progress would be accelerated by a change from the predominantly self-incompatible breeding system to self-compatibility, now available in modern germplasm, and this would allow use of other rapid breeding methods, such as doubled haploidy. Thus, the many advantages of the winter turnip rape crop would repay its return to agriculture. In this review we will introduce the many utilization possibilities of the crop as well as give background on why more attention and research efforts should be paid towards this crop. We will also indicate some of the array of factors that have a marked role in an attempt to ecologically intensify crop production.

Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä

Antti Tuulos

Marja Turakainen

Arja Santanen

Frederick L. Stoddard

Revitalizing the winter turnip rape crop in the northern latitudes Section B Soil and plant science

振兴高纬度地区冬季芜菁作物 B部分：土壤与植物科学

The objective of this study was to investigate the inter-relationships between changes in beef color and microbial growth when steaks from longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles were overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride film and stored at 4°C. At day 0, 4, 7 and 10 instrumental color (CIE L* , a* , b* and spectral scans) and microbial counts were measured. Bacterial communities were characterized through Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis. Both meat discoloration and microbial spoilage occurred at day 10. Total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae count and the relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were significantly correlated with color metrics associated with discoloration. These findings indicate that meat discoloration and microbial growth may not be totally independent effects and changes in a* , Chroma and hue angle may be an indicator of meat spoilage under this specific storage condition. Meanwhile, Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic bacteria might play important roles in meat discoloration.

S. Li

G. Zamaratskaia

S. Roos

K. Båth

J. Meijer

E. Borch

M. Johansson

Inter-relationships between the metrics of instrumental meat color and microbial growth during aerobic storage of beef at 4°C Section A Animal science

牛肉在4°C有氧储存期间仪器测量肉色指标与微生物生长之间的相互关系  
A部分 动物科学

Ambient UV radiation is recognised as an important environmental factor in the regulation of plant growth and development, and selenium (Se) as a beneficial nutrient that can increase plant tolerance to different environmental constraints. The effects on hybrid buckwheat plants of full (+UV) and reduced (−UV) ambient UV radiation without (−Se) and with (+Se) foliar Se treatment (10 mg L ⁻¹ sodium selenate) provided the four conditions of Se−UV–, Se–+UV, +Se−UV and +Se+UV. Plant morphological, biochemical and physiological properties were examined, along with leaf elemental composition and content, efficiency of Se enrichment, and production parameters. Leaf anatomical parameters under all conditions were mainly affected by UV radiation, and less so by Se. +Se+UV plants showed a trade-off between primary and secondary metabolism, which resulted in high levels of protective substances (e.g. anthocyanins, UV absorbing compounds), and low levels of photosynthetic pigments. All +UV plants were significantly shorter in comparison to those under the reduced −UV, while biomass production was highest for −Se+UV plants and lowest for +Se+UV plants. +Se plants accumulated ∼20-fold greater Se content compared to −Se plants, and full ambient UV radiation partly reduced this effect. +UV plants showed increased phosphorus content in leaves, independent of Se status, while +Se plants showed increased K content. Si content was increased by Se treatment and decreased by the full UV exposure. Se treatment and the ambient UV radiation, separately have positive effects on growth and production of this hybrid buckwheat, while the combination of the Se treatment and ambient UV resulted in lower yields. However, under these conditions (+Se+UV), the buckwheat plants established good protection against the different environmental constraints that are becoming more and more frequent due to changes to our climate.

Aleksandra Golob

Vekoslava Stibilj

Ivan Kreft

Katarina Vogel-Mikuš

Alenka Gaberščik

Mateja Germ

Selenium treatment alters the effects of UV radiation on chemical and production parameters in hybrid buckwheat Section B Soil and plant science

硒处理改变紫外线辐射对杂交荞麦化学和生产参数的影响  
B部分 土壤与植物科学

To what extent might a crop with increased plant N uptake efficiency and/or N demand increase plant biomass and soil carbon storage, decrease N leaching, and reduce the need for N fertilisation? This was assessed for a fertilised sandy loam site in central Sweden cultivated with spring barley for a four year period using a process based crop and soil simulation model (SOILN) calibrated to fit observations of field experiments with non-modified crops. Crop properties were changed in accordance with previous model applications to other crops with higher N uptake and utilisation efficiencies, to resemble potential effects of breeding. For the modified crops a doubling of daily uptake efficiency of soil mineral N and/or increase of radiation use efficiency by 30%, increased plant biomass by 3%–30%, decreased N leaching by 1%–30% and increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 1–12 g C m⁻² year⁻¹. The larger changes were mainly due to increased uptake efficiency. Fertilisation of the modified spring barley crop could be reduced while still producing the same plant biomass as the non-modified crop. The plant biomass to N leaching ratio of the modified crops increased. The simulated changes in plant biomass and SOC were sensitive to weather conditions suggesting that in situ experiments would need to cover a large range of weather conditions to evaluate the performance of new crop traits under climatic variability. The study suggests a strong need that field experiments are accompanied with model applications, when exploring the potential of the modified crops under variable conditions.

Henrik Eckersten

Håkan Marstorp

Dennis Collentine

Holger Johnsson

Thomas Kätterer

Ecosystem C and N dynamics affected by a modified spring barley trait with increased nitrogen use - a simulation case study Section B Soil and plant science

生态系统碳氮动态受改良春大麦性状及氮利用增加的影响——模拟案例研究 B部分 土壤与植物科学

Purpose: In recent years, interest in plant nutrition research has arisen with a strong focus on organic forms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different organic fertilizers on growth, yield, fruit quality and polyphenol content in soilless grown grape tomatoes under greenhouse conditions. Materials and methods: Tomato plants were subjected to three organic nutrient solutions, which consisted of different mixtures of several OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) certified nitrogen fertilizers of industrially processed residues: Treatment I: solid and soluble liquid fertilizers of animal raw materials, natural potassium sulphate-non-synthetic, and calcium chloride; Treatment II: solid and soluble liquid fertilizers of animal raw materials, by-product of marine raw material (soluble liquid), natural potassium sulphate-non-synthetic, and calcium chloride; and Treatment III: solid fertilizers of animal raw materials, natural potassium sulphate-non-synthetic, and calcium chloride to 100% [0-30 days after transplanting (DAT)], 125% [31-80 DAT], and 150% [>81 DAT]. The Steiner solution (SS) was used as a control (Treatment IV). Results: Yield did not differ between organic and conventional treatments, ranging from 3.04 to 3.35 kg m ⁻² while fresh weight in organic treatments was 3.14 compared to 3.2 kg m ⁻² in plants fed with the SS. No significant differences in plant height or fruit quality were found. The application of organic fertilizers positively affected the total hydrolysable and condensed polyphenols of tomato fruits compared to the control. Twelve phenolic compounds were identified, highlighting 3-Caffeoylquinic acid, salvianolic acid and 5,6-Dihydroxy-7,8,3’,4’-tetramethoxyflavone (Treatment I) and Medioresinol (Lignan) (Treatment II). Conclusions: The results indicated that organic fertilization through animal-based fertilizer application is a feasible alternative for grape tomato production under greenhouse conditions.

Oscar Guajardo-Ríos

Carlos Javier Lozano-Cavazos

Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar

Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza

Luis Ibarra-Jiménez

Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés

Cristóbal Noé Aguilar-González

Animal-based organic nutrition can substitute inorganic fertigation in soilless-grown grape tomato Section B Soil and plant science

动物源有机营养可替代无土栽培葡萄番茄中的无机肥灌溉——B部分：土壤与植物科学

Data from a field experiment conducted in China's Loess Plateau (2013–2015) were used to determine the energy balance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by tillage and straw treatments. Tillage treatments included chisel plow, no tillage, and mouldboard plow. Crop straw levels included straw returning and straw removed. The energy balance was evaluated by comparing the following parameters: net energy, energy profitability, energy use efficiency, and energy intensity. The yield parameters were significantly influenced by the tillage treatments and revealed that the chisel plow entailed fewer field operations and lower energy requirements with a higher yield than mouldboard plowing tillage. The highest proportion of energy input came from a nitrogen fertiliser, followed by diesel fuel. The total energy input applied per hectare increased with an increase in the tillage intensity, and the lowest energy input was required for the no tillage case with the straw returning treatment, and the highest for the case of mouldboard plow with the straw returning treatment. The lowest average energy intensity was recorded for the no tillage case, followed by the case of chisel plow tillage in both cropping seasons. Moreover, in the case of mouldboard plough tillage, the maximum energy intensity was recorded in both cropping seasons. In the cases of the chisel plow tillage and the no tillage, we observed the maximum energy gain, while in the no tillage case, we observed the maximum energy use efficiency. The net return and the benefit/cost ratio were higher in the case of straw returning than those in the case of no straw treatment. We concluded that no tillage and chisel plow tillage with straw returning could improve the energy use efficiency and the benefit/cost ratio of winter wheat production systems.

Xingli Lu

Xingneng Lu

Yong Cui

Yuncheng Liao

Tillage and crop straw methods affect energy use efficiency, economics and greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed winter wheat field of Loess Plateau in China Section B Soil and plant science

耕作方式和作物秸秆处理影响黄土高原雨养冬麦田的能源利用效率、经济效益和温室气体排放——B部分：土壤与植物科学

One of the major challenges in crop production is increase efficiency of non-renewable P sources, or replace them with renewable sources. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization using reactive natural phosphate, filter cake, peat and biofertilizer on soil P content, foliar P content and growth of noni seedlings. The treatments were: control (without P fertilization); phosphorus; filter cake; phosphorus + filter cake; phosphorus + filter cake + peat; and phosphorus + filter cake + peat + biofertilizer. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments phosphorus + filter cake; phosphorus + filter cake + peat; and phosphorus + filter cake + peat + biofertilizer increased phosphorus content in soil and in leaf, and the growth of noni seedlings. Our results indicates that natural reactive phosphate enriched with filter cake can be used as phosphate fertilizer on noni seedlings cultivation.

Gustavo Caione

Cid Naudi Silva Campos

Flávia Bastos Agostinho

Leandro Rosatto Moda

Renato de Mello Prado

Rafael Ferreira Barreto

Reactive natural phosphate enriched with filter cake enhances soil P content and noni seedlings growth Section B Soil and plant science

滤饼富集的反应性天然磷肥提高土壤磷含量及诺丽幼苗生长 B部分 土壤与植物科学

Publication Information	Publisher: Munksgaard International Publishers，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1952，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

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