Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

Holoparasitic genera within the family Orobanchaceae are characterized by greatly reduced vegetative organs; therefore, molecular analysis has proved to be a useful tool in solving taxonomic problems in this family.For this purpose, we studied all species of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche occurring in Central Europe, specifically in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Austria, supplemented by samples mainly from Spain, France, Germany, and Ukraine.They were investigated using nuclear sequences (ITS region) and a plastid trnL-trnF region.The aim of this study was to examine phylogenetic relationships within Orobanche and Phelipanche from Central Europe; we focused on problematic species and aggregates, recent taxonomic changes in these (rank and secondary ranks), and host ranges.The most interesting results concern the exlusion of O. mayeri from O. alsatica aggr.Additionally, following the rules of traditional taxonomy, the correct names and types of some secondary ranks are given and, as a result of this, a new combination below the Phelipanche genus is made (P.sect.Trionychon).The host ranges of the investigated species in Central Europe include 102 species from 12 families, most often from Asteraceae.For this purpose, ca.400 localities were examined in the field.Moreover, data acquired from the literature and European and Asian herbaria were used.

Renata Piwowarczyk

Magdalena Denysenko-Bennett

Grzegorz Góralski

Dagmara Kwolek

Óscar Sánchez Pedraja

Patryk Mizia

Magdalena Cygan

Andrzej J. Joachimiak

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s Botanica

Phylogenetic relationships within Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae) from Central Europe, focused on problematic aggregates, taxonomy, and host ranges

中欧列当属和假野菰属（列当科）的系统发育关系：聚焦于有问题的聚合体、分类学和寄主范围

Pollen morphology of 14 specimens from all nine Turkish native species along with one undescribed species of Cotoneaster was examined by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The most frequent pollen types are trizonocolporate and tetracolporate, respectively and they occur together. Moreover, trisyncolporate, 3-parasyncolporate, 4-parasyncolporate, and pentacolporate pollen grains were observed in Cotoneaster for the first time in this study. Trizonocolporate pollen grains are radially symmetrical, isopolar, 22.5–35 × 26.25–42.5 μm in size and suboblate in shape. The amb is triangular, except C. integerrimus, which has a circular outline. Two endoaperture types can be distinguished. One is rectangular/square, the other is circular (endopore) and present only in C. integerrimus, C. melanocarpus and C. tomentosus. The exine pattern can be divided into two types, namely striate-perforate and rugulate-perforate. The quantitative pollen characteristics were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and all pollen features were considered for hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Principal component analysis revealed that colpus width, endoaperture length, and endoaperture width are the most powerful metrical pollen traits in Cotoneaster identification. According to hierarchical cluster analysis, pollen traits enable division of Cotoneaster into two subgenera. The present study provides insights into pollen morphology of Cotoneaster, as well as its use for taxonomic purposes.

Serap Işik Seylan

Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydin

Ali A. Dönmez

Pollen Morphology of Cotoneaster (Rosaceae) Species in Türkiye and Its Systematic Significance

土耳其枸子属（蔷薇科）种类的花粉形态及其系统学意义

RNA extraction involves several main stages, regardless of the method of extraction: homogenization, effective denaturation of proteins from RNA, inactivation of ribonuclease and removal of any DNA, protein, and some residual contamination.Isolation of undamaged intact RNA is challenging when the related tissue contains high levels of polysaccharides and phenols.Several efforts have been made towards the comparison and optimization of extraction and purification methods for RNA from plant tissues.This is dictated by the necessity of obtaining RNA of a good quality and in a sufficient quantity for further molecular analyzes.Plant storage organs (such as bulbs or seeds) rich in polysaccharide and polyphenolic compounds present distinct challenges for total RNA isolation.Such components, considered in this case as contamination, may bind and co-precipitate with nucleic acids and negatively affect later assays.Since standard routine protocols yield unacceptable results in bulbs, we have designed a new method for RNA extraction.We used two modified procedures (based on CTAB and sarkosyl reagents) of RNA extraction from so called "difficult plant material" and compared them to a popular RNA isolation base on the column isolation kit and TriPure reagent.Our modified protocols dealt with problems of both RNA degradation and low yield caused by co-purification with polysaccharides present in plant bulbs.In this study we have shown that improvement of the CTAB and sarkosyl method with a lyophilization step of plant tissues leads to isolation of high quality RNA from difficult material like storage organs of bulbous plants.The main changes in the procedure compared to the previously described methods concerned the different order of lithium chloride and sodium acetate addition, lithium chloride concentration increase and modification of centrifugation conditions.Gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer analysis confirmed the high quality and integrity of the obtained RNA.The modified procedures allowed for obtaining a satisfying amount of RNA concentration in the range from 280 to 950 ng/μl depending on the plant species.Thus, the demonstrated RNA isolation methods are efficient and can be used for plant material rich in polysaccharides, such as bulbs.

Maria Duszyn

Brygida Świeżawska

Mateusz Kwiatkowski

Krzysztof Jaworski

Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska

Optimization of extraction and purification of RNA from plant bulbs

植物鳞茎RNA提取与纯化的优化

Chromosome numbers of 16 taxa of Hieracium s.str. from Bulgaria, Poland and Romania are specified and their metaphase plates are illustrated. Chromosome numbers are published for the first time for H. cam- korijense subsp. rilae Rech. fil. &amp;amp; Zahn (4x), H. grabowskianum Nägeli &amp;amp; Peter (4x), H. haematopodum var. sudeticum Schack &amp;amp; Zahn (3x), H. lomniczkianum Szeląg (4x), H. pseudobifidum var. bucuranum Nyárady &amp;amp; Zahn (3x), H. umbellonigritum Szeląg (3x), H. wiesbaurianum subs. herculanum Zahn (3x), as well as six undescribed species belonging to the H. bifidum agg. (3x), H. caesium agg. (4x), H. umbrosum agg. (3x, 4x) and H. vulgatum agg. (3x) and a new supposed hybrid between H. bifidum s.lat. and H. murorum s.lat. (3x).

Krystyna Musiał

Aleksandra Grabowska-Joachimiak

Zbigniew Szeląg

Chromosome numbers in Hieracium (Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe VIII

中欧和东南欧菊科植物岩风属的染色体数目 VIII

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process that allows genetic material to flow between even distantly related organisms.It is primarily observed in bacteria and protists but also in different lineages of eucaryotes.The first HGT cases in plants were discovered at the beginning of the 21st century and have been intensively studied ever since.Researchers have placed particular emphasis on the plant kingdom, especially parasitic plants.This review presents the current state of knowledge about this phenomenon in plants, with a special focus on parasitic plants.Among the described factors facilitating HGT, close physical contact between organisms is believed to be one of the most important.It is noted especially in the case of parasitism and similar relationships.For that reason, reported occurrences of this phenomenon in holoparasites, hemiparasites, and mycoheterotrophic plants are compared.The mechanisms responsible for HGT in plants still remain unclear, however, the studies described here suggest that both DNA and RNA may play a role as a carrier in that process.Also, the transfer between genomes of different organelles in the cell, intracellular gene transfer (IGT), and its relationships with HGT are described.The occurrence of the HGT and IGT phenomena concerning different genomes: nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid is discussed in the review.Finally, some future areas of research in the field are proposed.

Anna Burda

Natalia Staszecka-Moskal

Achievements in Horizontal Gene Transfer Studies in Parasitic Plants

寄生植物水平基因转移研究进展

Since plant responses to selenium nanoparticles (nSe) had not been clarified, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of nSe (10 and 100 μ M) on photosynthesis performance, ion homeostasis, antioxidant system, and phenylpropanoids in strawberry exposed to salt stress. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy analyses indicated that foliar-applied nSe can be taken up by leaves and trans-located to roots. Salinity led to an increase in Na concentration and reductions in Ca and K contents which were relieved by the nSe applications. Moreover, the nSe treatment at 10 μ M alleviated the NaCl-induced lesion to PSII functioning, contributing to improvement in water-splitting complex (F v /F o ) under salinity. The exposure to nSe at a concentration of 100 μ M exhibited a moderate stress, determined by the increases in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and lipid peroxidation rate (membrane integrity index). The nSe10 treatment increased catalase activity and phenylpropanoid derivatives contents (salicylic acid, catechin, and caffeic acid) and decreased the content of oxidants under salinity condition. Consequently, nSe utilization at a suitable dose can be an effective method to alleviate signs of salt stress via improvements in photosynthesis, ion hemostasis, photosynthesis performance, salicylic acid (a vital signaling defensive hormone), and antioxidant

Reza Soleymanzadeh

A. Iranbakhsh

G. Habibi

Z. O. Ardebili

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica

Selenium nanoparticle protected strawberry against salt stress through modifications in salicylic acid, ion homeostasis, antioxidant machinery, and photosynthesis performance

硒纳米颗粒通过改变水杨酸、离子稳态、抗氧化机制和光合作用性能保护草莓免受盐胁迫

Abbreviation	Acta. Biol. Crac. Ser. Bot.
Journal Impact	0.70
Quartiles(Global)	PLANT SCIENCES(Q4)

ISSN	0001-5296, 1898-0295
h-index	36

Publication Information	Publisher: Polish Academy of Sciences, Biological Commission，Publishing cycle: Annual，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1996，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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Phylogenetic relationships within Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae) from Central Europe, focused on problematic aggregates, taxonomy, and host ranges

Pollen Morphology of Cotoneaster (Rosaceae) Species in Türkiye and Its Systematic Significance

Optimization of extraction and purification of RNA from plant bulbs

Chromosome numbers in Hieracium (Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe VIII

Achievements in Horizontal Gene Transfer Studies in Parasitic Plants

Pollen Morphology of Cotoneaster (Rosaceae) Species in Türkiye and Its Systematic Significance

Chromosome numbers in Hieracium (Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe VIII

Selenium nanoparticle protected strawberry against salt stress through modifications in salicylic acid, ion homeostasis, antioxidant machinery, and photosynthesis performance

Phylogenetic relationships within Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae) from Central Europe, focused on problematic aggregates, taxonomy, and host ranges

Optimization of extraction and purification of RNA from plant bulbs