Acta Diabetologica Latina

Fructosamine, a compound used to measure serum glycosylated proteins was assayed in 105 Saudi diabetic subjects and 54 healthy non-diabetic Saudi subjects. Fructosamine concentrations in diabetics were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p less than 0.0005). Fructosamine concentrations correlated significantly with fasting blood glucose and HbA1 in diabetics (r = 0.677, p less than 0.0005, and r = 0.598, p less than 0.0005, respectively). The correlation between fructosamine and HbA1 was significant in the oral hypoglycemic-treated diabetics and poor in the insulin-treated diabetic group (r = 0.568, p less than 0.0005, and r = 0.526, p = 0.01). Fructosamine concentrations correlated poorly with the duration of diabetes (r = 0.221, p less than 0.05).

Mohammed Ali M. Ajabnoor

Tarif H. Zawawi

Khalid M. H. Marzouki

Zohair M. H. Marzouki

Acta Diabetol Lat

Level of serum fructosamine in Saudi diabetic patients

沙特糖尿病患者血清果糖胺水平

A N-benzoil-L-tyrosil-PABA test on 6h urine collection, a plasma PABA assay 2 h after administration and a fecal chymotrypsin assay were performed on 66 patients (36 controls and 30 type 2 diabetic patients on insulin therapy). All patients were hospitalized and without gastrointestinal and renal disease. The mean values of plasmatic PABA and fecal chymotrypsin were significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the controls (p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.01, respectively), although they remained within normal range. But this was not the case for PABA urinary excretion values. This may indicate a slower but more protracted PABA absorption during the third or fourth hour with the result that urinary excretion over 6h is not greatly affected. There was good correlation between fecal chymotrypsin values and both PABA urinary excretion values and serum PABA values, a trend observed both in diabetics (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.001, respectively) and in controls (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005, respectively). This could indicate that even at lower mean levels, the diabetic patients show the same behavior pattern and therefore maintain the same indexes of correlation as the control population. Our results suggest that these indirect, but simple, economical and well-tolerated tests could be considered a valid alternative for investigating pancreatic function especially in those patients that cannot be tested by a Secretin-Cerulein test.

Giuseppe Montalto

Antonio Carroccio

Giovanni Marino

Maurizio Soresi

Cesare Marco

Alberto Notarbartolo

Comparison of BT-PABA test and fecal chymotrypsin measurements in normal subjects and diabetic patients

正常受试者及糖尿病患者中BT-PABA试验与粪便胰蛋白酶测量的比较

The effects of four different diets, a balanced (BD), a high protein (HP), a high fat (HF), and a high carbohydrate (HC) diet on glucose tolerance and pancreatic hormone secretion were compared during the ten-week period immediately after weaning in rats having glucose intolerance induced by streptozocin in the neonatal period (NSZ). Feeding HF or HC produced decrease in calorie intake and a delay in body weight increase. All NSZ rats showed glucose intolerance as adults; the HF rats showed a further deterioration of glucose tolerance and a decreased insulinogenic index after oral glucose loading. Plasma insulin levels of HC rats were lowest. The glucose-induced insulin and somatostatin secretion from the isolated perfused pancreas was almost identical in all four groups. The arginine-induced insulin and glucagon secretion was decreased in HF and HC rats, compared to both HP and BD rats, but somatostatin secretion was not. These results indicate that a high fat or high carbohydrate dietary environment is an important factor in the development of glucose intolerance and in the impairment of pancreatic hormone responsiveness to stimulation.

Yutaka Seino

Masaru Usami

Yoshimasa Okamoto

Taizo Yamamoto

Masaki Ikeda

Tomohiko Taminato

Hiroo Imura

Effect of dietary environment on the development of impaired glucose tolerance and pancreatic hormone secretion in neonatal streptozocin-treated (NSZ) rats

饮食环境对新生链脲佐菌素处理（NSZ）大鼠糖耐量受损及胰腺激素分泌发育的影响

Low doses of metformin (500 mg twice daily) were administered to 20 diabetic patients, combined with the original sulfonylurea treatment which had become ineffective even at full dosage. After 1 and 5 weeks, the effects of the drug on glycemic control, blood intermediate metabolites and monocyte insulin receptors were monitored. Metformin clearly improved glycemic control by reducing both fasting blood glucose from 189.88 +/- 21.11 mg/dl to 131.12 +/- 16.02 mg/dl after 1 week and to 130.11 +/- 13.29 mg/dl after 5 weeks (p less than 0.025 both after 1 and 5 weeks); the diurnal blood glucose average fell from 235.33 +/- 24.11 mg/dl to 174.66 +/- 23.45 mg/dl (p less than 0.0025) after 1 week and to 177.65 +/- 21.71 mg/dl (p less than 0.0005) after 5 weeks. Consequently both blood glycosylated hemoglobin (p = n.s. after 1 week, p less than 0.025 after 5 weeks) and serum fructosamine (p less than 0.0025 after both 1 and 5 weeks) also decreased after metformin treatment. No change in plasma insulin and C-peptide levels was reported and no modification in diurnal rhythms of blood lactate, pyruvate, alanine glycerol and beta-OH-butyrate was detected at any time during metformin treatment. All the changes documented in the binding values were already complete at the end of the first week; insulin binding to monocytes increased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.05) and the number of receptors per cell rose (p less than 0.05) but could not be correlated to any index of glycemic control. These data suggest that the antidiabetic action of metformin is neither related to its lactate-increasing activity nor does it depend upon its inducing an increase in insulin binding values. This metformin-related hypoglycemic effect might be the result, at least in part, of a reduced oxidative phosphorylation without inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and/or of decreased hepatic glucose output. Moreover, our data are also consistent with the hypothesis that metformin might affect insulin action at a post-receptor level.

Franco Gregorio

Franca Ambrosi

Piero Marchetti

Sonia Cristallini

Renzo Navalesi

Paolo Brunetti

Paolo Filipponi

Low dose metformin in the treatment of type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes: Clinical and metabolic evaluations

二甲双胍低剂量治疗2型非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病：临床与代谢评估

Which comes first when developing clinical diabetic nephropathy, the blood pressure rise or the increasing urinary albumin excretion? This issue is discussed based on recent literature of studies in humans with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We conclude that hypertension has a central role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and has deleterious effects on the life expectancy of patients who already have signs of diabetic renal disease in terms of elevated urinary albumin excretion. However, blood pressure is preceded by small increments of urinary albumin excretion rates, an indicator of universally increased vascular leakiness, and thus does not seem to be the cause of diabetic nephropathy.

Bo Feldt-Rasmussen

Kirsten Nørgaard

Tonny Jensen

Elisabeth Mathiesen

Torsten Deckert

The role of hypertension in the development of nephropathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

高血压在1型（胰岛素依赖型）糖尿病肾病发展中的作用

Synthetic analogues of CCK-4 in which Trp was replaced by D-Pro (peptide I), Thz (peptide II) and delta Pro (peptide III) have been studied for their insulin and glucagon releasing activities from the islets of Langerhans in vitro. Peptide I has been found to be the most potent insulin releaser among the three analogues and its activity is comparable to that of CCK-4. Unlike CCK-4, its three analogues (peptides I-III) do not stimulate the release of glucagon with basal concentration of glucose in the medium. However, with increasing glucose concentration, all the three analogues potentiate the glucose stimulus for insulin release.

Faiyaz Ahmad

Bijoy Kundu

Mohammed M. Khan

Anil K. Rastogi

Krishna B. Mathur

Jalil R. Kidwai

Selective stimulation of insulin secretion by CCK-4 analogues having N-terminal modifications

N-端修饰的CCK-4类似物对胰岛素分泌的选择性刺激

Equilibria of binding of long-chain fatty acids to albumin in sera from type I diabetic patients and healthy adults were studied by dialysis exchange rate determinations and described by, p*, the reserve albumin concentration for binding of fatty acid, C*/p*, the total availability of fatty acids, where C* is the total concentration of non-esterified fatty acid, and L*, the fatty acid binding property of albumin, which is L* = p*/P + 0.05 C*/P, where P is the albumin concentration. Studies in samples from 81 diabetic patients and 99 healthy adults showed that availability of fatty acids increased with increasing fatty acid concentrations, equally in the two groups. Some diabetics had higher fatty acid concentrations, and thus higher fatty acid availabilities, than the normals. It is shown that the fatty acid binding property of serum albumin is individually variable, ranging about the same mean value in normal and diabetic persons but with a larger variation in the latter. The fatty acid binding property of albumin in serum, L*, and sixteen clinical parameters were measured in 42 of the 81 diabetic patients. Regression analysis indicated that L* was correlated to serum cholesterol concentration (probability of 0-hypothesis, p = 0.01) and to serum triglyceride concentration (p = 0.05). Values of L* were slightly correlated to age, age on diagnosis, duration, Body Mass Index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure, albumin excretion rate, serum creatinine concentration, and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration with p-values varying from 0.10 to 0.50. For sex, retinopathy, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, daily insulin dose, and blood glucose concentration no correlation to L* was found, p-values ranging from 0.56 to 0.96. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of serum albumin did not decrease binding affinity for fatty acid in vitro.

Henrik Vorum

Cramer K. Christensen

Anders O. Pedersen

Rolf Brodersen

Fatty acid binding to serum albumin in Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

I型胰岛素依赖型糖尿病中脂肪酸与血清白蛋白的结合

The metabolism of tryptophan (TRP) was studied in diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats throughout a five-month period. In alloxan diabetic rats the serum and brain TRP levels were decreased (serum: 38 to 48 mmol/l, brain: 8.6 to 9.2 mmol/g) in comparison to the values of control rats (serum: 59 to 64 mmol/l, brain: 11.3 to 12.6 mmol/g). Daily long-term (for 45, 75, 90 or 135 days) treatment with intermediately acting insulin (4 IU/rat, s.c.) was not able to restore brain concentration of TRP. On the contrary, the serum TRP concentrations were totally or partially restored. The concentrations of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) were increased in serum (valine = 361.2 to 461.0 mumol/l or leucine + isoleucine = 431.0 to 520.3 mumol/l) throughout the entire five-month examination period. Insulin treatment did not return serum concentration of BCAA to normal level in the observation period either.

Blanka Jamnicky

Milivoj Slijepčević

Mirko Hadžija

Dubravka Juretić

Olga Borčić

Tryptophan content in serum and brain of long-term insulin-treated diabetic rats

长期胰岛素治疗糖尿病大鼠血清和脑中色氨酸含量

Glycation involves both circulating proteins, such as albumin, and structural proteins, such as the components of the glomerular basement membrane. A preferential excretion of glycated albumin (more anionic at physiological pH compared with unmodified plasma albumin) has been reported by some authors, but not by others. We therefore investigated the selectivity index (renal clearance of non-glycated albumin/clearance of glycated albumin) in 25 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin excretion and in 19 well-matched control subjects. The selectivity index was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects: 1.38 +/- 0.05 SEM vs 0.98 +/- 0.02, p less than 0.0001. This result is not consistent with a preferential urinary excretion of glycated albumin, at least in normoalbuminuric uncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

Gianfranco Pagano

Anna Chiambretti

Valentina Calefato

Marco Tomalino

Giovanni Cecchini

Alberto Bruno

Paolo Cavallo-Perin

Urinary excretion of glycated albumin in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin excretion

胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者中尿白蛋白排泄正常者的糖化白蛋白尿排泄

Thirty-five non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects were divided into two groups, according to therapeutical approach. The first group consisted of 17 diabetics receiving sulfonylureas and maintaining a satisfactory metabolic control. The second group included 18 patients who were transferred from sulfonylureas to insulin treatment, i.e. patients developing secondary failure to sulfonylurea drugs. We established that the patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea drugs show a significantly lower B-cell secretory response following stimulation with i.v. tolbutamide, a significantly lower peripheral insulin sensitivity by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, and an increased frequency of HLAB21 and HLADR1 antigens. This latter study was performed in 42 patients. We thus conclude that in these patients diabetes mellitus may be considered as a separate form of the disease, which needs reevaluation of the criteria concerning therapeutical approach, prognosis, and evolution.

Anna-Maria Borissova

Dragomir G. Koev

Mino G. Minev

Fany G. Martinova

Penka I. Gencova

Georgy G. Kirilov

Jordan Arnaudov

Factors for development of secondary failure to sulfonylurea drugs in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病中磺脲类药物继发性失效的发育因素

出版信息	出版商: Casa Editrice II Ponte，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1997，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

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