Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae

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John Mulvihill

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae twin research

AMG volume 45 issue 3 Cover and Back matter

AMG 第45卷第3期封面及封底内容

Malawi is a country in South-East Africa with a population of approximately 10 million, over 95% of whom are negro of Bantu origin. The country is divided into 24 administrative districts, each of which provides details of births which are compiled centrally at the Ministry of Health. Using data reported annually by health facilities from 1987-1990, most districts had twinning rates in the range 16 to 24 per 1000 maternities, figures consistent with those of other negro populations in Africa. Two adjoining districts (Rumphi and Mzimba) had rates which were considerably higher, almost 30 per 1000. Although ethnic origin is not recorded in the latest Malawi census, language spoken in the home, which was last recorded in 1966, can be used as a proxy. Rumphi and Mzimba are the only districts with an overwhelming majority of Tumbuka speaking population. These people, who are of both Tumbuka and Ngoni ethnic origin, therefore have an unusually high twinning rate (29.57 per 1000 maternities). The rate for the main ethnic group in Malawi, the Chewa people, was 21.21 per 1000. The district of Thyolo, with a mixed ethnic population, had by far the lowest rate (13.75 per 1000).

R. Pollard

Ethnic Variation of Twinning Rates in Malawi

马拉维双胞胎率的种族差异

Abstract Objective: data on the prognosis and management of multifetal pregnancies are of vital importance, particularly when the option of selective termination is considered. The present study details the obstetric management, neonatal outcome, and follow-up data of 65 quadruplet pregnancies in France. Methods: to conduct the study, a questionnaire was sent to families registered with the National Association Helping Parents of Multiple Births (Association National d'Entraide des Parents de Naissance Multiples, A.N.E.P.N.M.). Results: of 116 questionnaires sent to families of quadruplets born between 1972 and 1988, 65 were received. Of these pregnancies, 58 were obtained with ovulation induction agents, 2 with IVF (in vitro fertilization) and GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) and 5 were spontaneous. Diagnosis was made prior to 13 weeks gestation in 87.2% of cases. Most mothers were hospitalized prior to delivery – mean duration of 47 days. The mean gestational age at delivery was 31.2 ± 3 weeks with a prematurity rate of 97%. Cesarean sections were performed in 51 cases and vaginal deliveries in 14. Neonatal and perinatal mortality rates were 68 and 104 per 1000, respectively. Birthweights of quadruplets ranged from 760 to 2455g with a mean of 1615 g. Conclusion: management of quadruplet pregnancies in France consists of early diagnosis, echographical and clinical monitoring, early reduction of maternal activity and cesarean deliveries. Our management of such pregnancies is of high quality as reflected by our obstetrical results. Lack of adequate management, as perceived by families of quadruplets, exists at two levels: a psychological (lack of psychological support) and a financial (lack of specific help).

J.C. Pons

L. Nekhlyudov

N. Dephot

S. Le Moal

E. Papiernik

Management and Outcomes of 65 Quadruplet Pregnancies: Sixteen Years' Experience in France

65例四胞胎妊娠的管理与结局：法国16年经验

Abstract The comparison of MZ-DZ twins in behavioral genetics has produced what seems like irrefutable evidence for the heritability of many psychiatric disorders. But such research depends on the validity of the EEA – the “equal environments assumption” – as an underlying premise. In this paper, several empirical studies which support the EEA are critically reviewed in terms of methodology and the way data has been processed in a mathematical model called “path analysis”. It turns out that studies investigating the EEA appear to be largely inadequate in terms of technique, as well as biased in the inferences drawn. Further, the “heritability” estimate – often taken to mean the influence of trait – specific genes – is merely a statistical abstraction derived from a matrix of correlations; this estimate encompasses many buried environmental effects so that “heritability” does not correspond to any underlying DNA structure. In conclusion, many MZ-DZ pedigree studies have dubious scientific value, given the non-viable premise of the EEA, as well as the misleading operational definition of what has been called “heritability”.

A. Pam

S.S. Kemker

C.A. Ross

R. Golden

The “Equal Environments Assumption” in MZ-DZ Twin Comparisons: an Untenable Premise of Psychiatric Genetics?

MZ-DZ双生子比较中的“等环境假设”：精神病遗传学的一个不可靠前提？

Abstract Our study reports five cases of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of nuchal cystic hygroma and early diagnosis for both fetus and mother. We observed that nuchal cystic hygroma is frequently associated to cytogenetic abnormalities, congenital structural anomalities and non-immune hydrops fetus universalis.

W. Malinowski

I. Biskup

Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Cystic Hygroma Occurring in Twin Pregnancies

双胎妊娠中囊状水瘤的产前超声诊断

Abstract I studied 8 pairs of male twins and 14 pairs of female twins. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the evaluation of development age in pairs of twins examined through the electrophoretical mobility of nuclei. EMN index in pairs of male twins, the index figures do not change dramatically between the ages of 8 – 12. EMN index in pairs of female twins rises from 9 – year – old to 11 – year – old pair. In this paper I want to indicate the studies on development age, which began at The Twins Festival in Szczecin in 1998.

E. Rębacz

From the Research on Electrophoretical Mobility of Nuclei in Twins

从双胞胎核电泳迁移率的研究

Within the "Wrocław Longitudinal Twin Study" in a part of the material the liking level of singletons (SIN) to identical twins (TMZ) and of TMZ to SIN was analysed cross-sectionally, in the period of 11th to 18th year of life. In each of the 76 classes of elementary and high schools in Wrocław (Poland), including the investigated in 1976-7 TMZ (64 pairs), were evaluated the relations between school-mates, using the Korczak's five-degree scale of liking. The declared by TMZ and SIN liking decreased with age between pupils of the same sex, and increased between pupils of opposite sex, however, in TMZ with some delay. The liking declared by TMZ of both sexes to SIN was on average lower than that declared by SIN to TMZ. The degree of liking declared by SIN to TMZ of the same sex was average higher than in relation of SIN to SIN particularly among girls. Thus, there occurred the so-called "prima donna effect". The liking declared to pupils of opposite sex in relation of SIN to TMZ was on average lower than the analogous one in relation of SIN to SIN and in relation TMZ to SIN even worse. The higher contrast in treating pupils of the same and opposite sex in TMZ than in SIN indicates a lower social maturity in TMZ. A diverse influence of socio-economic conditions on the declared toward then liking by boys and girls was found. The low number of separated twins did not allow to make a generalisation on specificity of their position in class. The sending of TMZ to different classes appeared to be in Wrocław elementary schools sporadic (1 repeater), and in high schools observed in 38%, from that 28% of twins went to equivalent classes, usually in different school, and in 10% of pairs one of the twins repeated the class.

K. S. Sawicki

E. Rogucka

The Position of the Monozygotic Twins Among their School Class-Mates in the Light of Results of Janusz Korczak's “Plebiscite on Likes and Dislikes”

单卵双胞胎在其同学中的地位——基于扬·科恰克“喜好与厌恶投票”结果的分析

Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from a chronic process of autoimmune destruction of ß cells of the Langerhans islets. The presence of autoantibodies (ICA, GADA, anti-IA2, IAA) in serum preceds the clinical onset of the disease. Genetic predisposition for IDDM is connected with HLA, CTLA-4 and insulin gene region. The aim of the study was the genetic and immunological analysis of a triplet. One of them developed Type 1 diabetes mellitus. We analysed HLA class II, CTLA-4 and insulin gene polymorphisms in the whole family. Besides, we investigated immunological status of three brothers. All patients present identical genotype for VNTR loci: D1S80, D17S5 and Apo B, as well as for HLA-DRB1, — DQA1, — DQB1, CTLA-4 gene and all studied insulin gene polymorphisms. That proves their monozigosity. The triplet presents strong genetic predisposition for IDDM. The two patients without overt diabetes have increased levels of ICA, GADA, IA2 and IAA.

M. Krokowski

M. Abel

A. Teodorczyk

A. Szadkowska

B. Pyrżak

B. Rymkiewicz-Kluczyńska

J. Bodalski

Type 1 Diabetes and Prediabetic State in a Monozygotic Triplet

单卵三胞胎中的1型糖尿病及糖尿病前期状态

Luigi Gedda

Prof. Marco Milani-Comparetti Firenze 15.5.1926 – Lucca 18.5.1999

马尔科·米拉尼-康帕雷蒂教授 1926年5月15日生于佛罗伦萨 – 1999年5月18日逝于卢卡

The study comprised 14 pairs of twins. All the children were prematurely born between the 27 and the 33 weeks of pregnancy with birth weight 600-1900 g. Somatic development was assessed on the basis of the body weight, length/height measurements taken in the 6th and 12th months of the corrected age and in the 24th month of the calendar age. Body mass index was also calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. The obtained results were compared with the regional norms for children from Lodz. Moreover, in each child individual measurements and body mass index were normalized as compared to the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation for the established age norm. The percentage of children with body mass deficiency and decreased body length/height was relatively high. Individual assessment of somatic development, taking into account the normalized values enable observation of the direction of changes within the range of somatic features in individual children. Retardation of somatic development of prematurely born twins should be first of all associated with their very low birth weight. Severe complications of prematurity affect physical development of the children examined by us, especially in the first two years of life.

D. Chlebna-Sokół

I. Ligenza

K. Haładaj

Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Somatic Development in Prematurely Born Twins after Life-Threatening Episodes

早产双胞胎在危及生命事件后的长期随访研究：身体发育情况

Publication Information	Publisher: Associazione Istituto di Genetica Medica e Gemellologia Gregorio Mendel，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1952，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae

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