Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica

The attenuated total reflection technique in combination with the terahertz technique is being investigated to find rotatable bonds, which are considered to be one of the rules of thumb given by Veber and others.The results were obtained using a pulsed terahertz spectrometer.Two forms of samples were used to check the methodology: polycrystalline, and saturated solutions in ethyl alcohol.Histidine, as one of the best-studied pharmacological preparations, was used in the experiment to test our research.Four spectral details were found in the terahertz band, including one for which intermolecular vibrations are responsible, and three others for which intramolecular vibrations, such as rotatable bonds, may be responsible.Histidine molecules that are dissolved in alcohol, and thus free of intermolecular bonds, reveal rotations around three bonds.The research methodology presented in the article can support pharmacological research and the pharmaceutical industry.

Edward Pliński

Norbert Pałka

Stanisława Plińska

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

APPLICATIONS OF THE TERAHERTZ ATR SPECTROSCOPY TO PHARMACOLOGY

太赫兹ATR光谱学在药理学中的应用

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer widely used in our living environment to manufacture many chemical products. Mammalian cells are exposed to it at high levels, which has toxic and estrogenic consequences. Moreover, BPA exposure during prenatal and neonatal development results in defects in the male and female reproductive systems, abnormal meiotic development in fetal oocytes, and pregnancy complications. The principle of the current study was to study the adverse effects of the oral administration of BPA on the liver and testis toward adult male rats with the protective roles of herbal teas. A comparative study was conducted on 40 adult rats. Groups were coded as RT/BPA, GT/BPA, and BT/BPA, for red, green, and blue herbal teas, respectively. lowest values for AST (58.71 mU/mL), ALP (1.51 mU/mL), and GGT (21.12 U/L). Similarly, RT/BPA and BT/BPA groups were detected (4.11 and 4.12 mg/100 mL) for creatinine levels as compared to the vehicle control group. While rats in BT/BPA and GT/BPA groups showed similar values to the vehicle group (45.02 and 118.28 mg/dI) for HDL and TC quantities, respectively. The present research work established the protecting rolls of herbal teas due to the antioxidant properties especially green tea which preserved GPx value (88.22 nmol/mg), testosterone (1.80 ng/ml), and red tea which preserved CAT value (101.18 U/mg), while blue tea preserved MDA and SOD values (0.81 nmol/mg and 7.18 U/mg), respectively. The BPA oral administration with herbal teas reduced toxicity on the liver and testis due to free radical scavenging effects.

Rokayya Sami

Suzan A. Abushal

Huda Aljumayi

Mona S. Almujaydil

Ahlam A. Harasani

Mahmoud Helal

Rasha A. Al-Eisa

Mohammad A. Alanazi

Adverse Effects of Oral Administration of Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity on Adult Male Rat Liver and Testis With the Protective Roles of Herbal Teas

双酚A口服诱导的成年雄性大鼠肝脏和睾丸毒性的不良影响及草药茶的保护作用

Abnormal tryptophan (Trp) metabolism disrupts the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system, contributing to clinical depression. However, the link between altered Trp metabolism and post-stroke depression remains unclear. This study investigates Trp metabolism in rats exhibiting depression-like behavior after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham operation (sham), MCAO, and MCAO + 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) treatment groups. The MCAO + 1-MT group received daily subcutaneous injections of 1-MT (60 mg/Kg/day), an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor. Sucrose preference and marble burying tests assessed depression-like behavior. Brain tissue was analyzed for Trp, 5-HT, kynurenine (KYN), and other metabolites. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect 5-HT, IDO, and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. MCAO reduced sucrose preference and increased marble burying, indicating depression-like behavior. Treatment with 1-MT improved neurological scores and reversed these behavioral changes. The MCAO group showed elevated KYN levels and KYN/Trp ratios, which decreased with 1-MT treatment. No significant differences were observed in 5-HT levels or 5-HT/Trp ratios across groups. The sham group exhibited more 5-HT-positive cells in the hippocampus than the MCAO group, while IDO-positive cells were higher in the frontal cortex of the MCAO group compared to the MCAO + 1-MT group. These results concluded that subcutaneous 1-MT, an IDO inhibitor, enhances neurological function and reduces depression-like behaviour in rats after ischemic stroke. Clinical trials with bigger samples are required to further validate these findings.

Wu Yue-rong

Gu You-quan

Qin Hong-yan

Wang Jing-Yi

Role of abnormal tryptophan metabolism in post-stroke depression in rats

卒中后抑郁大鼠中异常色氨酸代谢的作用

The popularity of energy drinks has surged in recent years, becoming a common alternative to coffee, tea, or soda. Designed to enhance physical performance, they promise a quick energy boost, improved mood, and increased focus. However, excessive consumption is linked to serious health risks. Overconsumption of energy drinks can lead to arrhythmia, seizures, tachycardia, and even death. Chronic consumption can result in elevated blood pressure, psycho-physical disorders, and addiction. Children, adolescents, and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. A worrying trend is the mixing of energy drinks with alcohol, which amplifies the risk of adverse health effects. Marketing tactics promoting energy drinks at major events and featuring athletes and musicians have increased their appeal, especially among teenagers. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this trend, with younger individuals turning to these drinks to cope with stress and isolation. Addressing this issue requires educating adolescents and raising awareness about the consequences of excessive consumption. Establishing safe doses of energy drink ingredients and thoroughly documenting their side effects is crucial.

Helena Żórawska

Oskar Makuch

Paweł Niczyporuk

Paweł Jastrzębski

Marcin Jerzy Żórawski

Klaudia Bielska

Marzena Wojewódzka-Żelezniakowicz

Energy drinks - an ongoing problem

能量饮料——一个持续存在的问题

Abstract Background: Ajania purpurea. C. Shih commonly used in traditional Tibetan medicine. It is known for its therapeutic effects on conditions like lung heat, pharyngitis, and thoracic empyema. Toxicity evaluation includes acute toxicity test, subacute toxicity test, subchronic toxicity test, reproductive and developmental toxicity test, etc. Toxicity test is one of the important indicators to determine its safety.Methods: To assess the acute and subacute toxicity of ethanol extract from A. Prpurea.whole plant (EAP), both mice and rats were used to conduct acute and subacute toxicity experiments. Mice were administered a one-time dose of A. purpurea ethanol extract at 2000 mg/kg in acute toxicity study. In subacute toxicity experiments, doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg were administered for 28 consecutive days. The behavior, body weight, organ coefficient, complete blood cell count, blood biochemistry and histopathological section were observed.Results: In the subacute toxicity experiment, SD rats were orally administered A. Prpurea. ethanol extract for a continuous period of 28 days at doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg respectively. The animals' behavior, body weight, organ coefficients, blood biochemical parameters, complete blood count and histopathological changes were observed. The results showed that compared to the control group, the rats treated with 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of Ajania purpurea.C. Shih extract exhibited highly significant differences in blood biochemical liver function, and noticeable pathological changes in organ tissues.Disscussion: Based on the overall experimental results, this study found that A. Prpurea. exhibited no toxicity in terms of acute toxicity.

Yichi Zhang

Zhuoma Dongzhi

Ruiying Yuan

Mingan Gui

De Ji

Songbai Zhang

Hongmei Zhou

Study on acute toxicity and subacute toxicity of ethanol extract of Ajania purpurea C. Shih

紫菀乙醇提取物的急性毒性和亚急性毒性研究

In clinical, Salvianolic Acid for Injection (SAFI) is a traditional compound preparation used to treat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We aimed to research protective effect and mechanism of SAFI on cerebral I/R. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell were used in this research. After treated with SAFI and DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), modified neurological severity score (mNSS), histopathology, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral infarction size and the brain water content of rats were measured. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD), the interleukine 1-beta (IL-1β), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), malondialdehyde (MDA), 6-keto-PGF1α and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) of I/R tissue were measured by the ELISA kits. For the experiment in vitro, the cell viability, LC3II, beclin-1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR protein levels were confirmed by western blot. The results illustrated SAFI decreased the mNSS, cerebral infarct size, brain water content, IL-1β, TXB2, MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels of I/R rats obviously. SAFI also up-regulated the rCBF, 6-keto-PGF1α, BDNF and SOD levels of I/R rats. The in vitro experiments showed that SAFI could promote the PC12 cell proliferation. The down-regulated LC3II and beclin-1 expression in the SAFI treated cells showed that SAFI could proper regulate autophagy for the PC12 cells in OGD/R group. Finally, the autophagy inhibition caused by SAFI on OGD/R cells were reversed by LY294002 and rapamycin (RAPA). These results suggested the PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation played an essential role on the autophagy regulation caused by SAFI.

yuan jing

Gou Xiangbo

li congxin

wan meixu

Salvianolic acid for injection protected cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by autophagy regulation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in rats

注射用丹酚酸通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路调节自噬保护大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤

Abbreviation	Acta Pol. Pharm.
Journal Impact	0.56
Quartiles(Global)	PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY(Q4)

ISSN	0001-6837, 2353-5288
h-index	52

Publication Information	Publisher: Polish Pharmaceutical Society，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 1961，Proportion of original research papers: 88.89%，Self Citation Rate:25.00%， Gold OA Rate: 88.30%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,6-12周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica

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APPLICATIONS OF THE TERAHERTZ ATR SPECTROSCOPY TO PHARMACOLOGY

Adverse Effects of Oral Administration of Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity on Adult Male Rat Liver and Testis With the Protective Roles of Herbal Teas

Role of abnormal tryptophan metabolism in post-stroke depression in rats

Energy drinks - an ongoing problem

Study on acute toxicity and subacute toxicity of ethanol extract of Ajania purpurea C. Shih

Adverse Effects of Oral Administration of Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity on Adult Male Rat Liver and Testis With the Protective Roles of Herbal Teas

Role of abnormal tryptophan metabolism in post-stroke depression in rats

Energy drinks - an ongoing problem

Study on acute toxicity and subacute toxicity of ethanol extract of Ajania purpurea C. Shih

Salvianolic acid for injection protected cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by autophagy regulation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in rats