Acta Psiquiatrica y Psicologica de America Latina

I. General conception. The author contends that the constitution of science requires the completion of two different tasks: a) a negative-critical one, i.e. the clearing of the theoretical field through expurgating all pre-scientific ideologies jeopardizing the growth of scientific concepts; and b) a positive-constructive one, or the actual building up of a science through the production of the formal-abstract object, using ontically indeterminate raw material. Those tasks have characteristics that differ from the formal and factic-natural sciences to the social sciences. The reasons for the differences are: a) the former two have established objects, whereas the latter ones have their objects in the process of undergoing constitution, and thus possessing and oscillating ambiguity; b) the former two sciences have specific methods related to their specific objects, whereas the latter ones have a host of methods, all of them advocating scientific status; c) the former two sciences integrate their concepts into systems so as to constitute the unity of their meaning, whereas the latter ones lack a systematic integration. The consequence is that sciences already constituted (formal and factic-natural sciences) have, by the same token, established the co-implication of both moments (negative-critical and positive-constructive), to the extent that they are in the midst of universes admitting some law-system. Social sciences, on the contrary, set a double register of problems: a) in-themselves, as they suppose the opening of a new way to approach the object; and b) for-themselves, as long as that opening is performed at the expense of pre-scientific ideologies that bar the developments to be done in-themselves. Furthermore, the double task is not accomplished in the same fashion in logic-formal sciences and factic-natural ones, both groups having an apodictic adequation (absolute in the first group, relative in the second one) between the context of discovery and the context of justification, be it formal or experimental, whereas in social sciences there is no such adequation, as they are still searching and trying to establish the mutually foundating relationship between both contexts. II. The epistemological obstacle in Psychology. Psychology, belonging to the general class of social sciences, is subject to two kinds of epistemological obstacles: a) those stemming from common sense, born and nourished in the naive, day-to-day experience, and being used as a general canon for usual as well as entirely new situations; they reach the status of a pre-critical knowing, based solely on beliefs, and advocating to provide the grounds for our opinion on singular and general subjects; and b) those stemming from the speculative discourse, understood as a system of notions encircling themselves and pretending to have an analogical reference to real objects, when analogy only actualizes objects that are absent...

Yáñez Cortés Rj

Acta psiquiátrica y psicológica de América Latina

The epistemological obstacle in the constitution of social sciences

社会科学建构中的认识论障碍

Two groups of children, thirteen years of age, were given a questionnaire to study their attitudes towards alcohol consumption and alcoholism. The children belonged to two different socio-economical levels: low and high, and were selected at random, in the zone Oriente of the National Health Service, Chile. The analysis of answers was made along three directions: a) affective component; b) cognitive component; c) reactive component. The results show that children of low socio-economical level are more negative and rejective towards alcohol consumption than the others, and show more conflicts about it. Both groups reproduce adult patterns and opinions of their respective level. A future development of this type of research can be the criteria for prognosis in relation to early attitudes towards alcohol.

de García Sq

Attitudes towards alcohol in 2 groups of children 13 years of age

13岁儿童两组对酒精的态度

Dencker Sj

Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat

Treatment with high doses of neuroleptics in the acute phase of mental diseases

急性期精神疾病中使用高剂量神经阻滞剂的治疗

The aim here searched is to explore the reasons why some systems of psychotherapy choose images as a means for attaining the cure. In one case at least (Roger Desoille's awake dream--the production and interpretation of images constitutes the basic procedure. The question arises: which sort of images? It is not dealt here with the oniric ones, but with the consciously created and must be called symbolic images. Almost every image that appears during a therapy session reveals a symbolic nature, but the very concept of symbol is not free from ambiguity some positions originated in different areas of investigation are mentioned, ending with a description of the traits that, according to the writer, bestow a symbolic character to images. These can be sensible ones or linguistic, as they appear in literary productions. Their importance as a factor of the psychotherapeutic change resides in the fact that symbolic images thus created are felt as not real events and at the same time containing subjective meaning. These two traits combine to lessen the anxiety before the confrontation with one's own impulses or feelings and at same time to stimulate towards new ways of behavior, until then desired -perhaps unconsciously- but too frightening to materialize in the real world.

Aisenson Kogan A

Therapeutic function of images

图像的治疗功能

This is the third step of a research for which Osgood's Differential Semantic Technique was resorted to in order to get suitable scales on a subjective evaluation of sound stimuli. Thus, a three-stage work was fulfilled. The first one dealt with the construction of seven-point bipolar scales starting from experimentally selected adjectives. The second one succeeded in finding the subjacent dimensions of the said scales by means of Factorial Analysis Method. The present stage aims at characterizing 40 sound stimuli through the discovered dimensions most representative scales. A special Semantic Differential Program was used to getting the following Index: Scalar Scores, Polarity, Familiarity and Interconcept Distances. The interpretation of the Index showed the best characterized stimuli altogether with their affective meanings and their similarities and differences as well.

Biassoni de Serra Ec

Suarez de Bonet

Verzini de Romera Am

[Semantic scales for noise evaluation. Third stage: subjective characterization of sound stimuli].

噪声评估的语义尺度。第三阶段：声音刺激的主观特征描述。

Nodelis de Pardal He

Organicity signs in schizophrenias

精神分裂症中的有机性迹象

Traditionally, Pick's ideational apraxia has been considered a neurologist's realm since it is one of the permanent manifestations of brain lesions located in the left hemisphere posterior territory. Besides, however, the ideational apraxia is likely to appear--altogether with misidentifications and spatial disorientation--as a part of the transient manifestations of confusional psychosis. It is thus quite possible that a reversible alteration of the posterior brain mechanisms could be the basis for the confusional psychosis. It seems also reasonable to include the ideational apraxia within the symptoms to be sought in those cycloid psychotic states including confusional psychosis. This is why it can safely be said that Pick's ideational apraxia is also a psychiatrist's realm.

Rojas Dr

Outes M

Goldar Jc

Ideational apraxia in confusional psychosis

混乱性精神病中的观念性失用症

The events leading to the publications of DSM-III and DSM-III-R are briefly reviewed. The appointment, in 1988, of a work group for the preparation of DSM-IV, to be published in 1993, represents an attempt to reinsert American Psychiatry in the international sphere while, at the same time, perfects the document on the basis of clinical research findings, emphasis on the prototypical model of operational diagnosis, reduction in the number of Axes, and usefulness for different professional and non professional individuals. Some of the changes currently under consideration in the different subcommittees of the working group are presented.

Alarcón Rd

[Towards DSM-IV: recent history, current status and future options].

[迈向DSM-IV：近期历史、当前状况与未来选择]

Through the reading of family discourse, some reflexions on the non said, within the family context, and the paradox of desire are proposed. Interpretations are based on family discourse by means of clinical practice and, as regards social phenomena, on their symbolic representations. The non said--i.e. what is said by oneself to oneself, or soliloquy (monologue),--is unlikely to be reduced to a linear cause: This is a permanent construction, and destruction work. In its paradoxal movement, the non said both nullifies desire, and proclaims it.

Ulhoa Mj

The unsaid in the family context and the paradox of desire

家庭语境中的未言与欲望的悖论

A political conflict forced banks to close down in Panama during March 1988. Thus, thousand of families were unable to meet their most basic needs during that lapse of time. This paper describes a community intervention program that was set up in the midst of such an economic disaster. That program emphasized mental health consultation techniques to help devising an effective organizational action as well as developing standards to determine needs, and a clear-cut two-way communication with the affected families. The incidence of emotional disorder was assessed with the Self Report Questionnaire, and crisis intervention was offered to any people who should apply for it. Cognitive responses, coping behaviors, and social supports were also assessed. Results showed that those individuals excluded from a full participation in their culture were much more likely to develop emotional disorders. Finding that affected people showed a scarce self-help behavior was interpreted as a feature of the transcultural transaction between affected people, and professionals.

de León Oa

Community intervention during economic disasters

经济灾难期间的社区干预

Abbreviation	Acta. Psiquiatr. Psicol. Am. Lat.
Journal Impact	0.12

Publication Information	Publisher: Fundacion Acta Fondo para la Salud Mental，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1973，Proportion of original research papers: 70.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Acta Psiquiatrica y Psicologica de America Latina

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