Adolescence

Paul Upson

Puberty and Phases of Adolescence

青春期与青少年阶段

Abstract Internalizing disorders refer to problematic or harmful behaviours directed to oneself rather than to others. Although illegal drug use can be considered as an internalizing behaviour, the term is primarily used to refer to sadness, mood disruption, withdrawal, and depression. More serious indicators are thoughts about suicide, and actual attempts at suicide. Eating disorders, including anorexia and bulimia, are another category of internalizing behaviour. ‘Internalizing disorders and adolescent mental health’ considers these issues and explains the risk factors, protective factors, resilience, and possible interventions. There is a characteristic gender imbalance shown in many internalizing disorders in adolescence with females more prone to depression and self-harm.

Peter K. Smith

7. Internalizing disorders and adolescent mental health

7. 内化障碍与青少年心理健康

In a culture or society with high collectivism, contingent orientation and constrained autonomy are the prominent characteristics of adolescents' self-construal. This article examined whether Taiwanese adolescents' contingency and autonomy were associated with their prevalent preferences for buffet consumption. Findings in a panel survey indicated that contingency was positively correlated with adolescents' buffet preference, whereas autonomy was negatively correlated. Moreover, the results showed that adolescents' contingent orientation and perceived autonomy could predict their subsequent buffet preference over a half-year period. A laboratory experiment showed that adolescents who perceived lower autonomy exhibited greater preferences for buffet over the other diet consumption. In general, the results suggest that collectivist adolescents' contingency and autonomy were related to their trait-like preferences for buffet, and the state-like preferences for buffet were affected by their perceived levels of autonomy. Findings provide further insights into the impact of adolescents' self-construal on their diet consumption.

Wen-Bin Chiou

Collectivists' contingency and autonomy as predictors of buffet preferences among Taiwanese adolescents.

集体主义者的权变性与自主性作为台湾青少年自助餐偏好的预测因素。

In this study, modeling advantage that depicts the likelihood of a teacher model being imitated by students over other competing models in a particular class was developed to differentiate the rival modeling of two kinds of teachers (the technical teachers vs. the lecturing teachers) between college students' learning styles and occupational stereotypes in the collaborative teaching of technical courses. Results of a one-semester longitudinal study indicated that the students perceived a greater modeling advantage of the technical teachers than that of the lecturing teachers. Both the students' learning styles and occupational stereotypes were in accordance with those teachers as their role models. In general, the impact of the teachers' learning styles and occupational stereotypes on students appeared to be mediated by the teachers' modeling advantage. Administrators and curriculum designers should pay attention to the fact that the technical teachers appeared to exhibit greater modeling effects than the lecturing teachers in collaborative teaching.

Chao-Chin Yang

Teachers' modeling advantage and their modeling effects on college students' learning styles and occupational stereotypes: a case of collaborative teaching in technical courses.

教师示范优势及其对大学生学习风格和职业刻板印象的示范效应：以技术课程合作教学为例。

The saliency of ethnicity and ethnic identity is influenced by contextual circumstances. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, due to the current ethno-political situation, ethnicity and ethnic identity most likely are important aspects of adolescents' lives. The main purpose of this study is to describe a group of young Mostarians in relation to ethnic identity and reconciliation. Focus is on the participants' perspectives on these subjects and the meanings they attribute to the concepts. A total of 89 young Mostarians are included in the study. A third of the participants are members of a local peace- and reconciliation-building organization, Koraci Nade. Results show that ethnic identity is highly salient for the group. While participants demonstrate strong emotional attachment to their ethnic group, exploration of ethnic identity is less reported. With regard to reconciliation, the participants perceive it as very desirable and show a personal and integrated relation to the concept. However, their definitions of the concept are vague as to what constitutes the process of reconciliation. Although of great importance to the members, participation in the peace-building organization was not found to enhance either ethnic identity or cross-ethnic friendships.

Hanna Hjort

Ann Frisén

Ethnic identity and reconciliation: two main tasks for the young in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

民族认同与和解：波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那青年的两大任务。

Medieval adolescence is a slippery concept. On the one hand, there is plenty to suggest that medieval people did comprehend a life stage occurring between the end of childhood and the beginning of adulthood. Its entry points were variously marked by biological markers, points of legal passage from incapacity to capacity, and training for adult life. Its exit points were indicated by consummated marriage, parenthood, occupational identification, and financial responsibility. On the other hand, it is not possible to nominate a single age range for medieval adolescence, nor to identify activities, personal characteristics, and life experiences universally applicable to young people. Social status, regional location, religion, and especially gender had a profound impact on the stage's definition. Women's adolescence, in cultural conception and social practice, was often shorter, with distinct imagery and cultural meanings. Scholars have largely rejected Philippe Ariès's suggestion that before the eighteenth century '[p]eople had no idea of what we call adolescence' (Ariès 1962:29), though early medievalists have found less evidence for the transitional stage, and for the period as a whole we have learned to set aside modern definitions and focus on medieval concepts and experiences.

Kim M. Phillips

青春期

This study examined age and gender differences in physical activity levels and various physical activity patterns of 11-14-year-old Turkish adolescents and also determined if these differ between genders. Six hundred and fifty girls and 666 boys between the ages of 11 and 14 years constituted the sample of this study. Participants self-reported physical activity levels and patterns were determined by a Weekly Activity Checklist. A 2 x 4 (Gender x Age) MANOVA revealed overall significant main effect of gender and age on the physical activity level of adolescents; however, gender x age interaction effect was not significant. The findings indicated an interaction effect was not significant. The findings indicated an age-related decline in physical activity level, an increase in participation in low activities, and a decrease in participation in moderate and vigorous activities in 11-14-year-old Turkish adolescents. In addition it was found that boys were more active than girls and participated more in moderate and vigorous activities.

Ayse Kin-Isler

F Hulya Asci

Atakan Altintas

Bengu Guven-Karahan

Physical activity levels and patterns of 11-14 year-old Turkish adolescents.

11-14岁土耳其青少年身体活动水平与模式。

Although there has been a long-standing debate about whether a single-sex or mixed-sex environment is better for students in many Western countries, coeducation is one of the taken-for-granted issues in the modern Turkish education system. This study examined commonly expressed concerns about gender equity in a mixed-sex environment within the context of physical education (PE) in Turkey. The purpose of the study was to examine teacher-student interaction in the coed PE classroom, focusing on gender-stereotyped beliefs. Participants consisted of two PE teachers and 37 eighth-grade students from a private school situated in suburban Ankara Turkey. The modified observational instrument with the combination of Teacher-Student Interaction (TSI) and Interactions for Sex Equity in Classroom Teaching Observation System (INTERSECT) was used to assess teacher-student interaction in the classroom. In order to understand students' and teachers' gender-stereotyped beliefs, individual interviews were also conducted. The findings of this study indicated that both male and female PE teachers interact more frequently with boys, and this interaction was influenced by gender-stereotyped beliefs of both teachers and students. In sum, similar to many other western countries, the movement toward coeducation in Turkey has not automatically brought equal opportunities for girls or boys in PE.

Canan Koca

Gender interaction in coed physical education: a study in Turkey.

混性别体育教育中的性别互动：一项土耳其研究。

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Adolescence

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Puberty and Phases of Adolescence

7. Internalizing disorders and adolescent mental health

Collectivists' contingency and autonomy as predictors of buffet preferences among Taiwanese adolescents.

Teachers' modeling advantage and their modeling effects on college students' learning styles and occupational stereotypes: a case of collaborative teaching in technical courses.

Ethnic identity and reconciliation: two main tasks for the young in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Adolescence

7. Internalizing disorders and adolescent mental health

Puberty and Phases of Adolescence

Physical activity levels and patterns of 11-14 year-old Turkish adolescents.

Gender interaction in coed physical education: a study in Turkey.