American Journal of EEG Technology

.Involvement of the limbic system, the seat of emotions in the brain, can lead to psychiatric accompaniments to epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy may also have depression, psychoses, forced normalization, and personality disorders. Long-term video/EEG has allowed improved differentiation between epileptic syndromes and nonepileptic disorders that may mimic epilepsy clinically. Pseudoseizures are important nonepileptic events that need to be distinguished from epileptic seizures. Other conditions that may accompany epilepsy or be confused with epileptic seizures include migraine and the MELAS syndrome; sleep disorders, such as cataplexy, sleep attacks, and REM sleep behavior disorder; the childhood disorders of breathholding spells, benign paroxismal vertigo of childhood, and Rett syndrome; and movement disorders such as shuddering spells and hyperekplexia.

Robin L. Gilmore

Ellen R. Grass Guest Lecture: Long-Term Video/EEG Monitoring and Behavior

埃伦·R·格拉斯客座讲座：长期视频/脑电图监测与行为

.Commonly encountered terms in basic descriptive statistics are explained in simple language, together with examples. Covered are such topics as percentage, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, normal distribution, z-score, skewness, frequency histogram, and frequency polygon. A Glossary with definitions is provided at the end.

Michael Cavallaro

Linda Fidell

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Commonly Encountered Terms and Examples

基本描述性统计：常见术语及示例

.Various agents are utilized in the operating room to produce anesthetic effects. These include: barbiturates, halogenated inhalation agents, narcotics, nonbarbiturate induction agents, and benzodiazepines. These agents have variable effects upon the EEG/EP waveforms at different anasthetic levels. Metabolic changes such as body temperature and blood pressure can also elicit changes in the EEG and EPs.

Walt Banoczi

Anesthetic and Metabolic Effects during EEG and EP Intraoperative Monitoring

麻醉与代谢效应在术中脑电图和诱发电位监测期间的影响

.This paper explains in simple language the logic of the statistical hypothesis test. Described are such concepts as sample and population, Type I and Type II errors (false positives and false negatives), power, level of confidence, and one- and two-tailed tests. A Glossary with definitions is provided at the end.

The Logic of the Statistical Hypothesis Test

统计假设检验的逻辑

.This paper explains commonly encountered terms in inferential statistics, with examples. Included are descriptions of the Chi Square test, correlation, regression, t-test, and analysis of variance. A glossary is provided at the end.

Commonly Encountered Statistics Tests

常见的统计检验

.This article reviews the history of an interesting patient who presented with a prolonged complex partial seizure and headaches. An EEG was performed and showed high voltage delta activity focal to the left posterior quadrant; subsequent to this a CT scan and MRI demonstrated a calcified, ring-like lesion surrounded by edema in the same region. The lesion was surgically resected and pathology confirmed that the lesion was neurocysticercosis (NCC). NCC results when the parasitic disease cysticercosis affects the central nervous system, a complication in 60–90% of cases. This disease is common in developing countries and occurs when an individual becomes the intermediate host to the larval form of the Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm. NCC presents with a complex neurological picture making it difficult to diagnose. The clinical presentation, diagnostic results, and treatment of the disease all vary depending on the location and number of cysts, whether or not the parasite is active and alive or inactive and dead, as well as each individual's immune reaction to the disease. Seizures are the most common symptom; the most frequent seizure types seen are generalized tonic-clonic seizures (30–60%) and simple partial seizures (8–50%). Rarely are complex partial seizures the presenting complaint (2–20%). Hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure, meningitis, and intellectual deterioration are also symptoms frequently seen in NCC. It is necessary that NCC become more recognized in industrialized nations, especially if a patient presents with seizures or one of the other more common symptoms, and a history of recent travel to or from a developing country where NCC is unfortunately endemic.

Tracey Lore

A Rare Presentation in Neurocysticercosis: Complex Partial Seizures

神经囊虫病罕见表现：复杂部分性癫痫发作

(1995). Technical Tips: Non-Collodion Long-Term EEG Monitoring Necessitated by an Allergy to Collodion. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 303-304.

Maxine Wilson-Young

Technical Tips: Non-Collodion Long-Term EEG Monitoring Necessitated by an Allergy to Collodion

技术提示：因对火棉胶过敏而必需的非火棉胶长期脑电图监测

.Mismatched input electrode impedances can lead to noisy EEG and evoked potential recordings even if the electrode impedances are low. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the phenomenon and illustrative examples.At each amplifier input, the recording electrode impedance and the amplifier's input impedance form a voltage divider. When input electrode impedances are unequal, a common mode signal that is present equally at the two locations on the patient's body appears at different magnitudes at the two (inverting and noninverting) inputs of the amplifier; thus, part of the common mode signal is amplified as if it were a differential signal. The effective common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the amplifier is reduced to a value that can be expressed mathematically as a function of the amplifier's ideal CMRR, its input impedance, and the impedance difference between the two input electrodes.Balanced input electrode impedances are particularly important during intraoperative monitoring, when ambient electrical noise levelsare typically high. Recordings between different types of recording electrodes (e.g., between needle and metal cup surface electrodes) are likely to produce impedance mismatches, and thus noisy recordings.

Alan D. Legatt

Impairment of Common Mode Rejection by Mismatched Electrode Impedances: Quantitative Analysis

共模抑制因电极阻抗不匹配而受损：定量分析

.From the very inception of EEG, the distinction between artifactual and cerebral electrical activity has been crucial. Dealing with artifacts effectively is an essential function of the EEG technologist and continues to be challenging. This review includes examples of common artifacts in unfamiliar guises, uncommon artifacts with identifiable characteristics, and some newer artifacts engendered by changing technology.

Donald W. Klass

The Continuing Challenge of Artifacts in the EEG

脑电图伪迹的持续挑战

.There is an extensive range of EEG patterns associated with drowsiness. The occurrence of burst patterns with a sharp configuration or containing sharp transients was evaluated in 700 consecutive clinical EEGs of adults and children. All recordings included 16 channels of EEG and two channels of eye movements. Recordings included mostly bipolar but also referential montages. Patterns were classified by consensus and regarded as normal variants or of uncertain significance. The main reasons for referral were epilepsy or psychiatric disorders. One or more of 16 different patterns were found in 39% of all subjects. Vertex sharp waves were the most common (n = 178) and were initially asymmetrical in 17 cases. Hypnagogic paroxysmal spike-wave bursts were seen in 21/165 children. Sharp transients were also prominent in generalized sharp bursts (n = 21), frontocentral sharp bursts (n = 3), temporal or vertex sharp waves with alpha (n = 6), and beta bursts (n = 11). Some drowsiness patterns containing spikes included benign sporadic sleep spikes (n = 13), 6/sec spike and wave (n = 2), and 14 and 6/sec positive spikes (n = 10). Arch-shaped series of waves included the midline theta rhythm (n = 19), rhythmical temporal discharge (n = 3), and wicket spikes (n = 1). Subclinical rhythmical epileptiform discharges of adults (SREDA) were found in two subjects. Burst patterns during drowsiness occur sufficiently often in routine clinical EEG recordings to warrant their careful analysis.

出版信息	出版商: American Society of Electroneurodiagnostic Tech. Inc.，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1973，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

American Journal of EEG Technology

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