American Speech has been one of the foremost publications in its field since its founding in 1925. The journal is concerned principally with the English language in the Western Hemisphere, although articles dealing with English in other parts of the world, the influence of other languages by or on English, and linguistic theory are also published. The journal is not committed to any particular theoretical framework, and issues often contain contributions that appeal to a readership wider than the linguistic studies community. Regular features include a book review section and a “Miscellany” section devoted to brief essays and notes.

Since its founding in 1925, American Speech has been one of the leading publications in its field. The journal primarily focuses on the English language in the Western Hemisphere, although it also publishes articles related to English in other parts of the world, the influence of other languages on or by English, and linguistic theory. The journal is not committed to any particular theoretical framework, and issues often include contributions that appeal to a readership broader than the linguistic studies community. Regular features include a book review section and a "Miscellany" section devoted to brief essays and notes.

《American Speech》自1925年创刊以来，一直是该领域的领先期刊之一。该期刊主要关注西半球的英语，尽管也会发表涉及其他地区英语、其他语言对英语的影响以及语言理论的文章。该期刊不拘泥于任何特定的理论框架，常常包含吸引更广泛读者群体的贡献。定期栏目包括书评部分和一个名为“杂记”的栏目，专门用于简短的论文和笔记。

American Speech

Kelly E. Wright

Emily Brewster

Charles E. Carson

Brianne Hughes

Jaidan McLean

Lynn Zhang

Benjamin Zimmer

Among the New Words

新词之中

The rise of artificial intelligence has prompted increased scrutiny of systemic biases in automatic speech recognition technologies. One focal topic of discussion has been the degraded performance for speakers of African American and Southern U.S. English. This study aims to contribute to the research on bias in voice-AI by investigating speech recognition performance for Appalachian English, an often-stigmatized variety in American society. Participants were recruited from Southern Appalachia (Eastern Tennessee), with a non-Southern Appalachian (Central Pennsylvania) sample included as a reference group. The participants read aloud the Goldilocks fairytale and the Rainbow Passage, and the recordings were processed using Dartmouth Linguistic Automation (DARLA). We conducted two sets of analyses on the vowel phonemes. The first analysis assessed DARLA’s effectiveness in recognizing vowels. The system returned higher phoneme error rates for Southern Appalachian speech compared to the non-Southern dataset. Next, we conducted a detailed error analysis on the misrecognized input-output phoneme pairs. The results suggested dialect bias in the system, with 50.2% of the errors in the Southern dataset attributed to participation in the Southern Vowel Shift. These findings underscore the importance of integrating sociolectal variation into the acoustic model to mitigate dialect bias for currently underserved users.

Li-Fang Lai

Janet G. van Hell

John Lipski

Dialect Bias in Automatic Speech Recognition: Analysis of Appalachian English

自动语音识别中的方言偏见：阿巴拉契亚英语分析

This geolinguistic study investigates perceptions of usage frequency and local identity connection for seven distinctive words in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (U.P.): camp, chook, choppers, cudighi, pank, sisu, and swampers. Data were collected from 860 participants through an on-line survey, incorporating demographic details and hometown zip codes. Participants’ attitudes were evaluated using two 5-point Likert scales, assessing perceived frequency of use and importance to identity. The study reveals a tight correlation between these variables for each word, alongside unique geographic distribution patterns across the U.P. of Michigan. The findings highlight the enregisterment of these terms within various U.P. speech communities, influenced by processes of koineization, reallocation, and commodification. The words exhibit cultural significance and usage that are geolinguistically distinct, often delineated by a west-east divide in the region. This research illustrates how these unique U.P. words not only embody regional linguistic identity but are also shaped by the convergence of diverse sociolinguistic processes, adding to the rich and dynamic linguistic environment of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.

Wil A. Rankinen

Kim M. Ma

The Geolinguistic Diffusion of Lexically Enregistered Variants in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

密歇根上半岛词汇注册变体的地语言扩散

This paper examines the origin and historical development of the vowel system of Western Canadian English (WCE). It presents a sociophonetic analysis of interviews with two Western Canadian veterans of the First World War, born in 1890–91, and eight of the Second World War, born in 1917–1923. The data reveal that the comparative uniformity attributed to WCE today emerged gradually over the twentieth century. Initial English-speaking settlement, following the arrival of the railway in 1885 and continuing up to the Great Depression, produced a mix of features reflecting its diverse origins. Canadian Raising and a conservative variant of goat are uniform from the beginning, but the allophonic structure of short-a (trap-bath, including BAG-raising), the low-back merger, the marry-Mary and north-force mergers, fronting of goose and the Low-Back-Merger (or Canadian) Shift are all variable in the veterans’ speech. The sound changes that reduced that variation over the remainder of the twentieth century provide an accessible example of the convergence and levelling that have created new regional dialects from diverse migrant populations throughout history.

Charles Boberg

Veteran Vowels: Early Western Canadian English in World War Oral Histories

老兵元音：世界大战口述史中的早期加拿大西部英语

The loss of /hw/ in English in words like where and wheat is virtually complete in contemporary North American English, though /hw/ has lingered in Ontario, Canada. For vernacular speech from Almonte and Parry Sound, we analyze the decline of /hw/ in apparent time among individuals born from 1880s to the 1950s. We place these observations within the field of language obsolescence and suggest that Parry Sound and Almonte are examples of intermediate isolation, less profound than is typical in studies of dialect loss. Almonte retains /hw/ much longer than Parry Sound; this pattern parallels the greater share of /hw/-ful Scots and Irish speakers in Almonte’s early immigration, and accords with Parry Sound’s increased outside contact due to a rising tourism industry. Both communities uniformly exhibit more /hw/ in content words than function words as the feature recedes, to total absence for speakers born in the 1950s. This pattern corroborates the idea that “even linguistic features on the verge of extinction… will continue to retain diachronic patterns in systematic linguistic conditioning” (Jones &amp; Tagliamonte, 2004).

Jeremy M. Needle

Sali A. Tagliamonte

Orderly obsolescence

有序淘汰

of the Year proceedings were once again colocated with the Linguistic Society of America annual meeting.On January 5, 2024, in New York, Ben Zimmer, chair of the New Words Committee, and Kelly Wright, data czar of the New Words Committee, cohosted over 300 people live at the Sheraton Times Square Hotel to choose last year's Word of the Year.A video of these proceedings is available on the American Dialect Society's YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbgnwDMj84w).This 34-year-old ADS tradition highlights the normal, ongoing, and entertaining facets of language change by deliberating together over the terms that best encapsulate the year.ADS's Word of the Year vote proudly holds the title as first-of-its-kind, inspiring similar annual efforts to mark the year's representative lexeme by other reference institutions such as the Oxford University Press, Macquarie Dictionary, and Merriam-Webster.American Speech, however, has used this feature-"Among the New Words"-to keep up with the pace of lexical progress since 1941.Originally conceived of as a supplemental stopgap to printed dictionaries, ATNW offers a quarterly accounting of ongoing lexicalization by providing depth and breadth to underdocumented topics or communities, most recently expressions of gender and sexuality (AS 98, no. 1 [Feb.2023]) and algospeak (AS 99, no. 1 [Feb.2024]).We consider new words in all senses of newness, seeking to capture linguistic prominence and innovation.In the last year, our installments have featured 14 guest writers, many of whom belong to the communities whose usage they are documenting, for example, the authors of the discursive treatments of terms like two spirit and T4T in our recent gender and sexuality installment.We have also begun training students to prepare lexicographic treatments for our citation paragraphs, and if contributing a discursive paragraph or learning a new professional skill seems appealing to you, please contact our

短名	Am. Speech
Journal Impact	1.19
国际分区	LINGUISTICS(Q2)
期刊索引	SCI Q4中科院 4 区

ISSN	0003-1283, 1527-2133
h-index	36
国内分区	文学(4区)文学语言与语言学(4区)文学语言学(4区)

涉及主题	哲学语言学历史计算机科学地理社会学心理学艺术
出版信息	出版商: Duke University Press，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1996，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:20.00%， Gold OA占比: 0.00%

American Speech

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Among the New Words

Dialect Bias in Automatic Speech Recognition: Analysis of Appalachian English

The Geolinguistic Diffusion of Lexically Enregistered Variants in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

Veteran Vowels: Early Western Canadian English in World War Oral Histories

Orderly obsolescence

Dialect Bias in Automatic Speech Recognition: Analysis of Appalachian English

The Geolinguistic Diffusion of Lexically Enregistered Variants in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

Veteran Vowels: Early Western Canadian English in World War Oral Histories

Among the New Words

Among the New Words