The Anatomical Record is an academic journal focused on the field of anatomy, covering both fundamental and applied research, aimed at promoting scientific communication and advancement in anatomy.

《解剖记录》是一本专注于解剖学领域的学术期刊，涵盖了相关的基础研究和应用研究，旨在促进解剖学的科学交流与发展。

Anatomical Record

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the early effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the polycystic rat model by charting cytological changes in the early antral follicle of the ovary and constructing a serum hormonal profile. Histological examinations of ovaries from DHEA-treated rats for ten consecutive days revealed that the oocyte of antral follicles, ranging from 1.5 mm to 3.4 mm in diameter, had become activated, i.e., had resumed meiosis. Tabulation and statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference in the percentage of oocyte activation between the ovaries of DHEA-treated and control rats. Granulosa cells associated with those antral follicles included in our statistical analysis showed no evidence of atresia. A few follicles not included in our analysis contained oocytes that had resumed meiosis and whose associated granulosa cells were atretic. The observed resumption of meiosis occurred in the absence of surges of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). During meiosis, a period when many oocytes become activated, levels of serum androgens (DHEA, testosterone, and androstenedione) were high, while FSH, LH, and prolactin (PRL) levels did not differ significantly from those in the controls. Follicles that resume meiosis may be members of a group of follicles that produces a signal(s) when the oocyte becomes uncoupled from the granulosa cell. This signal(s) permit(s) a reprogramming of the accompanying granulosa cells of the follicle to engage in certain developmental processes of cystogenesis. Just what cascade of signals is necessary to achieve this selection remains elusive at this time and is the subject of our continuing investigations.

Everett Anderson

Gloria Y. Lee

Kelly O'Brien

The Anatomical Record

Polycystic ovarian condition in the dehydroepiandrosterone-treated rat model: Hyperandrogenism and the resumption of meiosis are major initial events associated with cystogenesis of antral follicles

脱氢表雄酮处理大鼠模型中的多囊卵巢状况：高雄激素血症和减数分裂恢复是与卵泡囊肿形成相关的初始主要事件

Abstract Hypertrophic scars and keloids appear to be unique to humans since animals are not known to form these lesions. Therefore, in an effort to develop an experimental model for their study, implants of these human lesions were made in nude (athymic) mice (nu/nu) in suprascapular subcutaneous pockets. The implants were recovered from 2 to 246 days. By histological and fine structural parameters all implants remained viable and their morphological character was maintained. Selected mice were injected with barium to confirm by microangiography vascular flow between mouse and implant. Hoechst stain for DNA, used to distinguish mouse cells from human cells, confirmed vascular anastamosis between host and implant: barium‐filled vessels in the interior of the implant demonstrated human endothelial cells. Peripheral vascularization of the implant with minimal ingrowth of mouse vessels occurs during the first 8 days. Anastamosis probably occurs sometime before 16 days postimplantation, or earlier, depending upon the availability of patent microvessels in the implanted tissue. The presence of the implant does not appear to prompt a continuing vascular growth into or throughout the implant. The time frame of 16 days postimplantation should be taken into account when developing schemata of experimental or therapeutic modalities.

C. Ward Kischer

Don Sheridan

Jana Pindur

Use of nude (athymic) mice for the study of hypertrophic scars and keloids: Vascular continuity between mouse and implants

裸鼠（无胸腺）用于肥厚性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩研究：小鼠与植入物之间的血管连续性

Abstract The spermatogonial populations in ten normal adult mice were analyzed using whole mounted seminiferous tubules. The undifferentiated A spermatogonia as well as the six generations of differentiating spermatogonia were clearly identifiable on whole mounts. Description plus quantitation of these cell types revealed that they behaved in essentially the same manner as their counterparts in the rat. Single undifferentiated A cells were classified as type A stem cell spermatogonia. They were distributed throughout the seminiferous epithelium, and by periodic mitoses, maintained their stock and furnished cells which would eventually differentiate. Although initially resembling the A s spermatogonia, the progeny which were destined to differentiate were classified as type A alv spermatogonia because they were linked by cytoplas‐mic bridges, and because they usually underwent one or more synchronous mitotic divisions to form short chains of aligned cells. Ultimately, division of A al cells were no longer seen, and the cells appeared to gradually acquire the typical morphological characteristics of A 1 spermatogonia; these continued to differentiate according to the well‐established pattern. It was concluded that the cyclic production of cohorts of A 1 cells in this manner would ensure a continual supply of spermatogonia for differentiation.

C. Huckins

E. F. Oakberg

Morphological and quantitative analysis of spermatogonia in mouse testes using whole mounted seminiferous tubules. I. The normal testes

小鼠睾丸全装精小管中精原细胞的形态学和定量分析。I. 正常睾丸

Abstract The new hypothesis of evolution establishes a contiguity of life sciences with cosmology, physics, and chemistry, and provides a basis for the search for life on other planets. Chemistry is the sole driving force of the assembly of life, under the subtle guidance exerted by bonding orbital geometry. That phenomenon leads to multiple origins that function on the same principles but are different to the extent that their nucleic acid core varies. Thus, thoughts about the origins of life and the development of complexity have been transferred from the chance orientation of the past to the realm of atomic structures, which are subject to the laws of thermodynamics and kinetics. Evolution is a legitimate subject of basic science, and the complexity of life will submit to the laws of chemistry and physics as the problem is viewed from a new perspective. The paradigm connects life to the big events that formed every sphere of our living space and that keeps conditions fine‐tuned for life to persist, perhaps a billion years or more. The “genomic potential” hypothesis leads to the prediction that life like ours is likely to exist in galaxies that are as distant from the origin of the universe as the Milky Way, and that the habitable zone of our galaxy harbors other living planets as well. Anat Rec 268:171–179, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Christian Schwabe

Genomic potential hypothesis of evolution: A concept of biogenesis in habitable spaces of the universe

进化基因组潜力假说：宇宙宜居空间中的生物发生概念

Abstract The basic principles that govern the shape behavior of phospholipid vesicle shapes are discussed. The important membrane parameters of the system are defined by presenting the expressions for the relevant contributions to the system's mechanical energy. In the description of the rather unique shape behavior of lipid vesicles, the emphasis is on providing a qualitative understanding of the dependence of vesicle shape on the parameters of the system. The vesicle shape behavior is then related to biologically important phenomena. Some examples are given of how the results of the shape behavior of lipid vesicles can be applied to the analysis of cellular systems. Red blood cell shape and shape transformations, vesicle fission and fusion processes, and the phenomenon of cellular polarity are considered. It is reasoned that the current biological processes that involve changes of membrane conformation may have their origin in the general shape behavior of closed lamellar membranes. Anat Rec 268:215–225, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Saša Svetina

Boštjan Žekš

Shape behavior of lipid vesicles as the basis of some cellular processes

脂质囊泡的形状行为作为某些细胞过程的基础

This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the development and function of the cardiac conduction system using genetically modified mice. Null mice for different cardiac connexins confirmed their suspected roles in cardiac conduction and, in addition, unraveled unexpected roles in cardiac morphogenesis. Genetically modified mice with LacZ-labeled conduction system cells are indispensable tools to the further understanding of the mechanisms governing the development of this system in the mammalian heart. Mouse models also addressed the role and contribution of specific signaling molecules, such as PRKAG2, Nkx2.5, ALK3, and Tbx5, in the development of the cardiac conduction system and the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in humans. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Vinciane Gaussin

Offbeat mice

另类老鼠

During our training in the 1970s or earlier, many of us were told that hepatic nerves were of lesser importance because “the liver was sparsely innervated as compared to other organs” and because “a transplanted liver does well in spite of its absolute denervation.” In view of the wealth of new studies that have come out in the past 20 years, the above view can no longer be maintained. The purpose of this special issue of the Anatomical Record is to summarize our current knowledge on hepatic innervation. While the plan to compile this issue was maturing, the news broke that Dr. Kurt Jungermann had passed away. We are all very much indebted to this pioneer in liver research who made major contributions to our current insights into liver innervation and into neural signal propagation. The current issue of the journal can be subdivided into three parts. The first five articles describe in detail the anatomy and microanatomy of the nervous system in embryonic and adult liver and in the gallbladder. The next seven studies deal with the varied functions of the hepatic nervous system. The last article describes the physiological changes brought about by surgical liver denervation and discusses the implications of these changes following liver transplantation. In contrast to the esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas and gallbladder, the liver does not contain an “intrinsic nervous system,” i.e., it does not contain perykarya of neurons organized in ganglia. Delalande et al. address the question as to why the early embryonic liver is not colonized by neural crest cells, as is the case with the intestine, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. Lack of expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and of netrin may be at the basis of this lack of colonization. From a functional point of view, the embryonic liver may not need innervation, as its primary function at the embryonic stage is hematopoietic rather than metabolic. Only postnatally, the role of the liver changes into a vital metabolic organ requiring modulation via the nervous system. By then, the possibility of colonization by neural crest cells and their subsequent differentiation into intrahepatic neurons and glial cells has long gone. Uyama et al. describe the two ways in which the hypothalamus communicates with the liver: via autonomous nerves and via neuroendocrine connections. The article summarizes the anatomy of the neural connections and neuroendocrine pathways that connect the liver to the hypothalamus. It also mentions what we do not know yet: the exact neural pathways by which efferent parasympathetic nerves affect the liver; the functions of hepatic afferent nerves; the distribution of neuropeptidergic nerves in diseased liver; the functions of hepatic neurotransmitter- or neuropeptide-containing nerves in normal and diseased liver; and the involvement of neuroendocrine pathways in regulation of normal and diseased liver functions. McCuskey discusses in detail the anatomy of efferent (motor) hepatic nerves and the various neurotransmitters released by their motor end plates. There is considerable variation between species when it comes to intralobular innervation. This variability may explain some of the diverse hemodynamic and metabolic responses reported as a result of hepatic nerve stimulation. Berthoud reports on the anatomy and function of afferent (sensory) hepatic nerves. The latter has not been studied as thoroughly as the innervation of other organs. Afferent nerves from vagal or dorsal root/spinal origin are restricted to the stroma surrounding the hepatic vasculature and bile ducts and to the extrahepatic portions of the portal vein and bile ducts. Only a minor portion of the common hepatic branch of the nervus vagus innervates the liver. The major portion descends toward duodenum, pancreas, and pylorus. Finally, the specific anatomical organization of hepatic nerves makes it nearly impossible to perform selective hepatic denervation, whether selective for the vagal or sympathetic division or for efferents or afferents. Balemba et al. describe the innervation of the extrahepatic biliary tract. In contrast to the liver, the bile ducts and gallbladder contain extrinsic and intrinsic nerves. In the embryo, the intrinsic nerve cells derive from migrating neural crest cells, as is the case in the gut. However, the structural, neurochemical, and physiological characteristics of gallbladder neurons are different from those of the enteric nervous system. The second part of this issue deals with the multiple functions of hepatic nerves. The functions include regulation of a host of metabolic processes that take place in hepatocytes; regulation of hepatic osmolytes and modulation of hepatocellular hydration; innervation of hepatic sinusoidal cells and in particular of stellate cells, thereby regulating sinusoidal blood flow; innervation of the hepatic neural/neuroendocrine compartment consisting of hepatic progenitor cells and stellate cells and concomitant modulation of the phenotype of these cell types; innervation of dendritic cells, as well as T-, NKT, and NK lymphocytes that are strategically positioned in the portal triads, and modulation of their immune functions; and neural control of the circadian rhythm of the liver. Püschel has summarized our current knowledge on the neural control of metabolic liver functions. These functions include glucose homeostasis and other aspects of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and VLDL formation, bile secretion, amino acid metabolism, urate formation, xenobiotic metabolism, and osmolyte exchange. Given the rapid increase in the incidence of a new disease entity, namely, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is closely associated with hepatic insulin resistance, the question arises as to what extent the hepatic nervous system takes part in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Häussinger addresses regulation of hepatic osmolyte exchange and concomitant volume adaptation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells. Hepatic osmolytes are important modulators of liver cell function with impact in healthy and diseased liver. Efferent sympathetic nerves have a direct effect on hepatocellular hydration and osmolyte balance. α-adrenergic stimulation leads to hepatocyte swelling. Whether stellate cells undergo similar swelling is unknown. Cell swelling may contribute to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and portal hypertension. Hepatic afferent nerves regulate hepatocellular hydration via indirect mechanisms that affect ADH secretion. Ueno et al. describe that stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and possibly Kupffer cells are innervated by efferent nerve endings, which modulate the various functions of these cells. Stellate cells respond to noradrenaline by contraction. Since stellate cells are strategically located around sinusoidal endothelial cells, contraction of stellate cells may lead to a decrease of the sinusoidal diameter and hence to increased sinusoidal resistance and pressure, thereby contributing to portal hypertension. Oben and Diehl describe the modulation of stellate cells and oval cell phenotype by sympathetic innervation. Increased sympathetic activity leads to increased release of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These neurotransmitters activate stellate cells and suppress oval cell proliferation. Conversely, inhibition of sympathetic activity leads to suppression of stellate cell activation and enhanced proliferation of oval cells. Moreover, stellate cells act as hepatic neuroglia cells by perisinusoidal secretion of noradrenaline. These observations have major implications for future research on hepatic fibrosis and bring the question of the embryonic origin of stellate cells to the forefront. Along the same lines, Roskams et al. propose a new concept, namely, the neural/neuroendocrine compartment of the liver. This compartment comprises hepatic progenitor (oval) cells and hepatic stellate cells. Both cell types carry a host of neural markers and contain vesicles with synaptic or endocrine characteristics. The authors present evidence that this compartment is under the direct control of parasympathetic innervation. Their work has major implications for the field of hepatology. Indeed, hepatic progenitor cells and stellate cells are effector cells in regeneration and repair and might also be required to create the right environment for reinnervation of diseased or renewed tissue. Neuhuber and Tiegs describe that efferent adrenergic sympathetic neurons alleviate, while capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic primary afferent neurons aggravate, immune-mediated liver injury. Dendritic cells, as well as T-, NKT, and NK lymphocytes, are strategically positioned in the portal triads, thereby allowing direct contacts with afferent and efferent nerve endings. Kupffer cells and sinusoidal NKT cells are at a larger distance from nerve terminals, especially in rodents, but could be influenced via diffusion of aminergic or peptidergic neurotransmitters. These observations form the anatomical basis that explains how the nervous system modulates immune functions. Shibata has covered the fascinating topic of neural regulation of hepatic circadian rhythm. Clock genes play a critical role in the regulation of circadian rhythm, both in the central nervous system and in peripheral organs such as the liver. As many as 10% of genes are under the control of clock genes. The efferent adrenergic nerves modulate hepatic circadian rhythm. Intrahepatic noradrenaline concentration oscillates with time. Chemical sympathetic denervation abolishes this oscillating pattern. Taking into account that stellate cells are intrahepatic cellular sources of noradrenaline (Oben and Diehl in this issue), the question arises as to what extent stellate cells are pacemakers of hepatic circadian rhythm. In the third part of this issue, Colle et al. address the clinically important question of the consequences of the absolute denervation of a transplanted liver allograft. In patients, hepatic denervation following liver transplantation has no major effects on bile secretion, liver regeneration, and hepatic blood flow. However, it induces insulin resistance, postprandial hyperglycemia, changes in ingestion behavior, and reduced stimulation of hepatic progenitor cells. The idea of promoting extrinsic hepatic reinnervation following transplantation is appealing. Partial reinnervation has been reported to occur in experimental animals after surgical denervation or experimental transplantation. Future research endeavors will have to make out whether, and under which conditions, the neural/neuroendocrine compartment favors reinnervation. There is still work to be done to advance our basic knowledge of hepatic innervation. However, with all the progress that has been made in understanding the anatomy, microanatomy, cell biology, and physiology of hepatic nervous system, new opportunities have arisen to develop novel therapeutic modalities that target the hepatic nervous system for treatment of chronic liver diseases and their often dreadful complications.

Albert Geerts

Hepatic nervous system: Foreword

肝神经系统：前言

Blood cells and cardiac myocytes go back a long way, having a common origin from the embryo's primitive streak as mesoderm appears. Although not sharing a common destination, with myocytes winding-up in the embryo's anterolateral quadrant and blood cells in the extraembryonic blood islands, their close relationship has been demonstrated in experiments wherein embryonic blood progenitor cells can be turned into cardiac myocytes (reviewed by Lough and Sugi, 2000). Evidence that the relationship between blood cells and cardiac myocytes persists in adults is provided by the ability of adult hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to differentiate into cardiac myocytes (Orlic et al., 2001) when present in a cardiac environment or “niche.” Because such de novo myocytes have been shown to improve damaged myocardium in experimental animals (reviewed by Anversa and Nadal-Ginard, 2002), these findings may have eventual clinical application. While considering such findings, it was intuitively appealing to Eisenberg et al. (2003) that HPC derivatives such as macrophages, which participate in wound healing, might also participate in myocardial healing. In the September 2003 issue of The Anatomical Record, Eisenberg and coworkers report results of their experiments indicating that adult bone marrow HPCs, under the influence of embryonic heart tissue or a defined growth factor cocktail derived therefrom, can differentiate into cardiac-like cells. (View the full article free on-line through Wiley InterScience: Eisenberg et al. (2003) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.10106) The latter findings of Eisenberg et al. (2003), which indicate that HPCs can directly differentiate into nonblood cells in the absence of other cell types, challenge the universality of the emerging notion that HPCs indirectly differentiate as a consequence of fusing with existing cells in regenerating target tissue (Medvinsky and Smith, 2003). Moreover, evidence that transdifferentiation, another controversial mechanism (Wurmser and Gage, 2002), may participate in the regeneration process was obtained by additional experiments of Eisenberg and colleagues showing that terminally differentiated macrophages, when introduced to explanted cardiac tissue, could transdifferentiate into cardiac myocytes. The authors' rationale that macrophages may possess phenotypic plasticity due to their primitive position on the evolutionary ladder and that they were selected to participate in tissue regeneration as the mechanism of wound healing evolved, is an intriguing one that should provoke interesting follow-up experiments.

John W. Lough

What's hot in anatomy: Hematopoietic progenitor cells and myocardial repair

解剖学热点：造血祖细胞与心肌修复

The study of Anatomy as broadly defined takes on the full spectrum of biology with a common goal: analysis of form and function. A look at just one organ system or tissue through the anatomist's eyes can reveal a great amount of scientific information about the micros and macros life: structural-functional as well as developmental and evolutionary. The New Anatomist (The Anatomical Record, Part B, an official journal of the American Association of Anatomists) is pleased to present a collection of articles on aspects of the analysis of bone, from, good old-fashioned morphologic observation to fine microstructural analysis and computer-enhanced visualization. We provide several articles—new, previously published, and yet-to-be published—in a virtual online set through Wiley's Anatomy Web (www.wiley.com/anatomy) as a means of conveniently presenting to our readers select examples from our valuable collection of bone-related reports. The three new articles in the present issue focus on a broad range of bone and fossil analysis. Zeitoun (2003) describes a heretofore unreported feature present on some specimens of Homo erectus and considers its possible developmental and evolutionary implications. Bromage et al. (2003) report their use of circularly polarized light in the analysis of collagen fiber orientation in different types of bone. Finally, Cooper et al. (2003) describe advances in micro-computed tomography (μCT) in analyzing cortical bone. While these three papers represent our most recent publications on this broad topic, our journal's archives contain many other noteworthy reports that will comprise the virtual bone issue. The articles in this collection will initially include: a brief discourse on Neanderthals as a distinctive evolutionary entity (Tattersall and Schwartz, 1998); a study of Allosaurus evolution by spiral CT fossil analysis (Rogers, 1999); morphometric analysis of hominid cranial fossils (Bookstein et al., 1999); the and use of digital enhancement as a tool for investigating fossil bone and tooth surfaces (Gilbert and Richards, 2000). Kolesnikov et al. (2001) offer an anatomical reappraisal of the Romanov family skeletal remains and reaffirm the death of Anastasia; while Borah et al. (2001) describe 3D microimaging and μCT analysis of osteoporotic bone architecture. Weber (2001) offers a proposal for fossil sharing via “virtual anthropology” and Sarmiento et al. (2002) take a careful look at morphology-based systematics and fossil analysis. Additional reports include: exploration of common evolutionary patterns in hominid facial bone development (Rogers Ackermann and Krovitz, 2002); a look at Neanderthal dental morphology (Bailey, 2002); and a commentary on the process of naming fossils (Tattersall and Schwartz, 2002). The most recent archival members of this collection include an investigation of cetacean brain evolution via CT analysis of cranium fossils (Marino et al., 2003) and a method for in silico virtual repair of damaged or encrusted fossil crania (Prossinger et al., 2003). Complemented by the three articles in the present issue, we hope that this online library of reviews, original research, and commentary on a broad range of bone-related topics will provide a valuable resource for students and specialists. We hope to supplement this online archive periodically with specially selected publications from The New Anatomist. This collection represents only a fraction of the articles we've published in this important research area. In the future the composition of the list may change through editorial decision, in order to present the best works possible to our online readership. Be sure to bookmark the Virtual Bone Issue page at www.wiley.com/anatomy.

Mark H. Paalman

Focus on the analysis of ancient and modern bone: A virtual issue

聚焦古今骨骼分析：虚拟特辑

It's a generally accepted maxim of learning that you get more out of participating in an activity than you do by just showing up. With that principle in mind, it's time to start thinking about the abstract that you're going to submit for the AAA Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology 2004—it's due by Wednesday, November 12! If you're wondering whether there will be enough to hold your attention once you have presented your own platform talk or poster, please read on. Several new or enhanced programs are planned for our 2004 meeting. Whatever your area of anatomy, there's bound to be plenty to pique your interest. Some of the highlights are described below. A full listing of all sessions is found on the next page. If you thought that the Education sessions at this year's Annual Meeting were great, just wait until 2004! AAA's Education and Teaching program not only gets better, but it also gets bigger. With two refresher courses, four symposia, platform sessions on teaching innovations and how to teach medical imaging, lots of posters, plus the always popular Anatomy Education Breakfast Roundtable, you can fill the entire meeting attending nothing but Education sessions. This year's Roundtable topic is “The Role of Anatomical Science Teaching in Faculty Appointment and Promotion Decisions.” The 2004 program also introduces a new format for AAA—a meeting- within-a-meeting on Choreography of the Heart Beat: The Cardiac Pacemaking and Conduction System. This 2-day mini-meeting, featuring a separate poster session, will look at the anatomy, physiology, development, pathology, and repair of the pacemaking and cardiac conduction system. Continuing our efforts on behalf of student and postdoctoral members, AAA is adding two separate award sessions to highlight your research. And we'll repeat last year's successful Student Poster Session and Reception. Regular members will be encouraged to attend all of these events to meet their next postdoc or new faculty member! Plus AAA's Advisory Committee for Young Anatomists again invites students, postdocs, and young faculty to join them for bagels, coffee, and conversation focusing on how to make yourself more marketable in today's academic environment. Apart from these new programs and special events, the AAA Annual Meeting offers you a strong scientific program of symposia, platform sessions, and posters, with an extensive exhibit featuring state-of-the-art equipment and the latest publications. If your work touches on other biomedical disciplines, the whole world of Experimental Biology 2004 is open to you. At the same time, there are lots of opportunities to mix and mingle with AAA colleagues, including the Annual Meeting Socializer, the AAA Awards Banquet, the ongoing “Chat Room” in the AAA Office, and impromptu discussions in between sessions. So…about participating! Take a good look at the list of platform sessions and poster topics on the next page and decide where your work fits in. Then head to AnatomyLink (www.anatomy.org) for details on how to submit an abstract, register for the meeting, and book your hotel. Washington D.C. is lovely in April. Make plans now to join us for the AAA Annual Meeting at EB 2004. But don't just show up—participate!

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc.，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1941，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：0%

Anatomical Record

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