斯堪的纳维亚胃肠病学杂志是胃肠病学和肝病学国际医学研究最重要的期刊之一，拥有国际投稿人、编委和发行人

The Annals of Clinical Biochemistry is one of the most important international medical research journals in the fields of gastroenterology and hepatology, attracting contributors, editorial board members, and publishers from around the world.

《Annals of Clinical Biochemistry》是胃肠病学和肝病学领域中最重要的国际医学研究期刊之一，吸引了来自全球的投稿人、编委和发行人。

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry

Patients affected with Crohn's disease (CD) have a recognized, but low relative risk of developing small-bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). In fact, SBA develops in 2.2% of patients who have long-standing CD and it is seldom diagnosed preoperatively because of its rarity. A retrospective analysis of all cases of SBA in CD patients since 1980 was carried out in Rouen University Hospital. Three patients with known or unknown CD who presented with SBA with long-term follow-up were analysed. In our first case, the occlusive syndrome revealed SBA and CD simultaneously. Most ileal carcinomas in CD are located in strictures and are often incidentally diagnosed postoperatively, as in our three cases. Digestive surgeons and gastroenterologists must be aware that the diagnosis of SBA in CD is often made fortuitously on histological examination after surgical resection for an occlusive syndrome. Failure to detect SBA in patients with CD results in late diagnosis, with poor survival.

David Tougeron

Benoit Lefebure

Guillaume Savoye

Jean Jacques Tuech

Frederic di Fiore

Pierre Michel

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

Small-bowel adenocarcinoma in patient with Crohn's disease: Report of a series of three cases

克罗恩病患者的小肠腺癌：三例系列报告

Background This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of colonic transit test (CTT) in cases of constipation associated with functional defecation disorders (FDD) within the Chinese population.

Xiaoyang Ren

Xiaoni Yan

Jiao Zhu

Shuixiang He

Yan Yin

Identification of functional defecation disorder in patients with constipation based on colonic transit test: a retrospective study

基于结肠传输试验识别便秘患者功能性排便障碍的回顾性研究

The human precorneal tear film is a special body fluid, since it is a complex mixture of proteins, lipids, small bioactive molecules, and their concentrations and relative distribution represent not only the metabolic state of the ocular surface but also the systemic and local homeostasis of the outer eye and the human body. This suggests that biochemical analysis of the precorneal tear film composition may provide a non-invasive tool for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression or treatment efficacy in human medicine. However, collecting tears is demanding, and obtaining reproducible and unaltered samples is challenging because of the small sample volumes of tears. Several methods are available for tear collection as a preparatory step of precorneal tear film analysis, and the collection method used has to be assessed since it has a critical impact on the effectiveness of the assays and on the quality of the results. Each sampling method has advantages and disadvantages; therefore, it is not easy to choose the appropriate collecting method for tear collection. To overcome these limitations various methods have been recommended by different authors for special aspects of specific tests. The aim of our review was to evaluate tear sampling methods with regard to our ongoing biochemical analysis.

Aniko Rentka

Krisztina Koroskenyi

Jolan Harsfalvi

Zoltan Szekanecz

Gabriella Szucs

Peter Szodoray

Adam Kemeny-Beke

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine

Evaluation of commonly used tear sampling methods and their relevance in subsequent biochemical analysis

常用泪液采样方法的评估及其在后续生化分析中的相关性

Abstract Objective Chronic constipation is characterized by difficult, infrequent, or seemingly incomplete bowel movements. The Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire was developed to address the need for a standardized, patient-reported outcomes measure to evaluate constipation over time. Material and methods Items for the PAC-QOL were generated from the literature, clinical experts, and patients. Following principal components and multi-trait analyses, 28 items were retained forming four subscales (worries and concerns, physical discomfort, psychosocial discomfort, and satisfaction) and an overall scale. Validation studies were conducted in the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia, to evaluate the internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha), reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs)), validity (analysis of variance models), and responsiveness (effect size) of the PAC-QOL scales. Results The PAC-QOL scales were internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha >0.80) and reproducible (ICCs >0.70, except for the satisfaction subscale ICC=0.66). PAC-QOL scale scores were significantly associated with abdominal pain (p<0.001) and constipation severity (p<0.05). Effect sizes in patients reporting improvements in constipation over a 6-week period were moderate to large, with subscale effect sizes ranging from 0.76 to 3.41 and the overall scale effect size=1.77. Similar findings were observed in validation studies conducted in Europe, Canada, and Australia. Conclusions The PAC-QOL is a brief but comprehensive assessment of the burden of constipation on patients’ everyday functioning and well-being. Multinational studies demonstrate that the PAC-QOL is internally consistent, reproducible, valid, and responsive to improvements over time.Constipationquality of lifesatisfactionvalidity

Patrick Marquis

Christine De La Loge

Dominique Dubois

Anne McDermott

Olivier Chassany

Development and validation of the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire

患者便秘生活质量问卷的开发与验证

Background Measurement of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) concentration in serum reflects the rate of type I collagen synthesis and can therefore be used as a bone formation marker. There are two methods of PINP quantification; the first measures the trimeric propeptide (intact PINP) and the second measures both the trimeric and monomeric propeptides (total PINP). Trimeric PINP is excreted via hepatic endothelial cells, whereas monomeric PINP is cleared renally. Therefore, in renal failure, the total assay has a positive bias with respect to the intact assay, due to monomeric PINP accumulation. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of both assays across all stages of chronic kidney disease. Methods Serum was taken from male ( n = 111) and female ( n = 105) patients attending a metabolic bone clinic, and these were partitioned into stages of chronic kidney disease 1–5. Each serum sample was analysed using the Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for total PINP and the Immunodiagnostic Systems chemiluminescence immunoassay for intact PINP. Results Passing-Bablok regression analysis comparing both methods showed that with advancing chronic kidney disease there was a proportional positive bias affecting the total assay when compared with the intact assay. This proportional positive bias was statistically significant for chronic kidney disease stages 3b, 4 and 5. Conclusions Based on this method comparison study, usage of the total PINP assay should be avoided in chronic kidney disease stages 3b, 4 and 5 (eGFR ≤44 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) and instead an intact assay used as the total assay overestimates PINP concentrations due to monomeric PINP accumulation.

Andreas Tridimas

Anna Milan

Eileen Marks

Assessing bone formation in patients with chronic kidney disease using procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP): The choice of assay makes a difference

使用I型前胶原N端前肽（PINP）评估慢性肾病患者的骨形成：检测方法的选择至关重要

Grossly lipaemic samples are a significant cause of analytical errors, potentially impacting patient care. The causes of lipaemia are varied and often unavoidable, while methods to reduce lipaemia through gold-standard ultracentrifugation are limited by availability, transportation, and cost. Benchtop centrifugation has been proposed as an alternative method to reduce lipaemia. Fifty-three grossly lipaemic serum samples (lipaemia &gt;201.8 mg/dL) that were unsuitable for analysis were selected and centrifugated at 18840 g for different time-periods with lipaemia measured prior to and after centrifugation. Core analytes were measured on serum samples free of lipaemia before and after 30 minutes of centrifugation at 18840 g to assess the effect of the centrifugation process. After centrifugation for 5 minutes, 90% of grossly lipaemic samples were either ideal (lipaemia &lt;50 mg/dL) or adequate (lipaemia 50.1-201.7 mg/dL) for analyte testing. All samples were either adequate or ideal for testing following centrifugation for 30 minutes. Although some analytes showed a statistically significant change in the measured concentration post high-speed centrifugation, none had clinically significant changes according to analyte specific reference change value (RCV) analysis. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) demonstrated the most notable reductions in activity, but these did not exceed their RCV. Benchtop centrifugation shows potential laboratory utility in reducing lipaemia whilst maintaining clinically reliable results, however small sample sizes preclude firm conclusions. Further research is warranted to increase the sample size with finer time-point tuning, sub-group analysis, and temperature analysis, due to the potential for sample heat injury, to balance practicality and accuracy.

James Hall

Henry Charles Carlton

Kate Elizabeth Shipman

Benchtop Centrifugation: An effective method for reducing lipaemia associated interference in grossly lipaemic samples?

台式离心法：减少重度脂血样本中脂血相关干扰的有效方法？

Objectives: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is the most common respiratory disease in preterm infants (PIs). The implication of Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) was reported in lung diseases. We delved into the role of serum ANGPTL4 in NRDS diagnosis/prognosis. Methods: Totally 256 PIs were prospectively selected, including 128 NRDS infants and 128 non-NRDS PIs. NRDS infants were assigned into Survival and Death groups. ANGPTL4 level in PIs and its diagnostic and prognostic value for NRDS were separately assessed by ELISA and receiver operating characteristic curve. The independent risk factors (IRFs) for death in NRDS infants were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: NRDS infants exhibited reduced gestational age, birth weight, and 5 min Apgar score. ANGPTL4 level rose in NRDS infants, and increased with NRDS severity. Serum ANGPTL4 level was negatively correlated with 5 min Apgar score in NRDS infants. The area under the curve of serum ANGPTL4 for the diagnosis of NRDS was 0.902, with 88.28% sensitivity, 86.72% specificity, and 255.98 ng/mL cut-off value; the AUC for the diagnosis of severe NRDS was 0.741, with 66.67% sensitivity, 79.52% specificity, and 625.5 ng/mL cut-off value. Low gestational age, birth weight and 5 min Apgar score, severe NRDS, and elevated serum ANGPTL4 levels were IRFs for death in NRDS infants. NRDS infants with increased serum ANGPTL4 level displayed decreased survival rate and short survival time. Conclusions: ANGPTL4 exhibited high diagnostic value and predictive value for death in NRDS, and it served as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NRDS.

Xiuyun Song

The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum angiopoietin-like 4 level in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

血清血管生成素样4水平在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的诊断和预后价值

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised oncology care, by enhancing the body’s T cell lymphocyte response against tumour cells. ICIs block the inhibitory signalling between tumour cells and the immune system, but consequently reduce immunological tolerance. Subsequently for some, this leads to immune-related adverse events (irAE), a spectrum term for autoimmune-like toxicities induced by ICIs that affects various tissues and organs. This limited narrative review will give a brief overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune related adverse events for laboratory professionals and review the current evidence for predictive biomarkers. Methods: A limited narrative review was conducted by accessing Pubmed and Google from June 2023 to January 2024 to identify references published from database inception to January 2024. Language was restricted to English. Results/findings: Professional guidance does not recommend any biomarkers for irAE prediction. Some studies have found an association between the prediction of irAE and interleukin six (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), albumin, ferritin, full blood count metrics, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, these have often been single-centre retrospective studies. While an abundance of societal guidance has been produced, it is unclear what blood tests should be included within a baseline profile. Conclusions: Presently, there is no singular biomarker routinely available in clinical laboratories that can predict the onset of irAE. A custom battery of tests may be more predictive, but evidence is currently lacking. In the meantime, due to the clinical significance of these complications, laboratory professionals should proactively support prospective studies.

Louise Duvall

The use of peripheral blood biomarkers for predicting the risk of immune related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

外周血生物标志物在预测免疫检查点抑制剂治疗相关不良事件风险中的应用

Janice LV Reeve

Michael J O’Meara

Damian G Griffin

Ann Clin Biochem

Measurement of uric acid in FC Mix tubes is not accurate

FC Mix 管中尿酸的测量不准确

A case involving the incidental diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) due to interference in the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D) immunoassay is presented. The patient, under the care of rheumatology and receiving treatment with alendronic acid and vitamin D supplements, was referred to endocrinology for investigation of acromegaly. Acromegaly was subsequently ruled out; however, during the investigations, consistently elevated levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were noted, raising suspicion of vitamin D resistance syndrome. The laboratory and endocrinology teams engaged in discussions, and following the cessation of medication, repeated analyses for 25(OH) vitamin D and a single analysis of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were requested, yielding high and normal results, respectively. The laboratory conducted a three-step interference investigation, ultimately identifying a high molecular weight molecule responsible for the initially elevated 25(OH) vitamin D levels. Due to the clinical presentation of back pain, a proteinogram was requested, revealing a monoclonal band of 36 g/L. Subsequent free light chain analysis indicated an elevated ratio. With three risk factors identified, this was classified as an established MM and urgently referred to haematology for correct management. Laboratory assay interferences have the potential to disrupt the accurate diagnostic workup of patients. Collaborative discussions between laboratory and clinical teams regarding such cases aid in directing the diagnostic pathway appropriately, facilitating prompt and proper diagnosis and management.

Abbreviation	Scand. J. Gastroenterol.
Journal Impact	1.57
Quartiles(Global)	GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY(Q3)

ISSN	0004-5632, 0036-5521, 1502-7708, 1758-1001
h-index	129

Publication Information	Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1973，Proportion of original research papers: 90.24%，Self Citation Rate:9.50%， Gold OA Rate: 10.40%

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry

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