一般和比较内分泌学发表的文章涉及在亚分子、分子、细胞和有机体分析水平上脊椎动物和无脊椎动物内分泌系统的许多复杂性。

The journal "General and Comparative Endocrinology" publishes articles that explore the complexities of the endocrine systems of vertebrates and invertebrates at the submolecular, molecular, cellular, and organismal levels.

《General and Comparative Endocrinology》期刊发表的文章涉及脊椎动物和无脊椎动物内分泌系统在亚分子、分子、细胞和有机体分析水平上的复杂性。

General and Comparative Endocrinology

The first vertebrates recognizable as tetrapods appeared in the mid-Devonian. It is generally agreed that their ancestors were lobe-finned fish. What is not agreed is how close either of the extant groups of lobe-finned fish, lungfish or coelacanths, is to the actual ancestor of the tetrapods. The soft anatomy of living lungfish shares many similarities with that of living amphibians. Many of these similarities are not present in either coelacanths or any members of the other extant bony fish group, the ray-finned fishes. Many very well preserved lungfish from the Devonian possess specialized features that would appear to exclude them from being ancestral to tetrapods. I am hypothesizing that lungfish in the Devonian may have included metamorphosis in their life cycle and that neoteny in some species may have been an early corollary. These reproductively mature neotenous lungfish would not have had the specialised features of metamorphosed adults. Fossils of these neotenous forms may have more closely resembled the tetrapod ancestral lobe-finned fish, currently believed to be a panderichthiad fish. Living lungfish have a number of larval features, which suggest paedomorphosis. Also of significance is the very large genome of living lungfish, which, in urodele amphibians, is a feature correlated with neoteny. Our current knowledge of the thyroid axis in the lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, is consistent with neoteny in amphibians, but the only Devonian fossil considered to be a larval lungfish bears no resemblance to living lungfish or to panderichthiads. The enigmatic phylogenetic relationship of lungfish with the first tetrapods remains, but the hunt for other forms of larval Devonian lungfish is on!

Jean M P Joss

General and comparative endocrinology

Gen Comp Endocrinol

Lungfish evolution and development.

肺鱼进化与发育。

High-fat diet (HFD) affects the physiology of reproduction in males, and many studies have investigated its detrimental effects. In this study, we investigated the cellular response induced by an HFD in the rat testis, focusing on the mitochondrial compartment. After five weeks of HFD, an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and of reduced form of glutathione in the rat testis indicated an increase in lipid peroxidation. The results showed an increase in autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage in the testis of HFD rats. We found a decrease in the protein expression of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and SOD2. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in the immunofluorescent signal of SOD2, mainly in the spermatogonia and spermatocytes of HFD rats. HFD-induced mitochondrial damage caused a reduction in mitochondria, as evidenced by a decrease in the protein expression of TOM20, a mitochondrial outer membrane receptor. Consistently, HFD enhanced the levels of the PINK1 protein, a mitophagy marker, suggesting the removal of damaged mitochondria under these conditions. Induction of mtDNA damage and repair was stronger in the HFD rat testis. Finally, we found a decrease in the mtDNA copy number and expression of the POLG enzyme, which is involved in mtDNA replication. In conclusion, our results showed that autophagy and apoptosis are activated in the testis of HFD rats as a survival strategy to cope with oxidative stress. Furthermore, HFD-induced oxidative stress affects the mitochondria, inducing mtDNA damage and mtDNA copy number reduction. Mitophagy and mtDNA repair mechanisms might represent a mitochondrial adaptive response.

Debora Latino

Gabriella Chieffi Baccari

Maria Maddalena Di Fiore

Federica Cioffi

Massimo Venditti

Antonia Giacco

Alessandra Santillo

Autophagy and mitochondrial damage in the testis of high-fat diet fed rats

高脂饮食大鼠睾丸自噬与线粒体损伤

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a reversible, dynamic process regulated by the activities of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases. Although the involvement of tyrosine kinases in the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in insect prothoracic glands (PGs) has been documented, few studies have been conducted on the involvement of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between PTPs and PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in Bombyx mori PGs. Our results showed that the basal PTP enzymatic activities exhibited development-specific changes during the last larval instar and pupation stage, with high activities being detected during the later stages of the last larval instar. PTP enzymatic activity was stimulated by PTTH treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and benzylphosphonic acid (BPA), two chemical inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatase, reduced PTTH-stimulated enzymatic activity. Determination of ecdysteroid secretion showed that treatment with PAO and BPA did not affect basal ecdysteroid secretion, but greatly inhibited PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroid secretion, indicating that PTTH-stimulated PTP activity is indeed involved in ecdysteroid secretion. PTTH-stimulated phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and 4E-binding protein (4E-BP) was partially inhibited by pretreatment with either PAO or BPA, indicating the potential link between PTPs and phosphorylation of ERK and 4E-BP. In addition, we also found that in vitro treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone did not affect PTP enzymatic activity. We further investigated the expressions of two important PTPs (PTP 1B (PTP1B) and the phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN)) in Bombyx PGs. Our immunoblotting analysis showed that B. mori PGs contained the proteins of PTP1B and PTEN, with PTP1B protein undergoing development-specific changes. Protein levels of PTP1B and PTEN were not affected by PTTH treatment. The gene expression levels of PTP1B and PTEN showed development-specific changes. From these results, we suggest that PTTH-regulated PTP signaling may crosstalk with ERK and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways and is a necessary component for stimulation of ecdysteroid secretion.

Shi-Hong Gu

Chien-Hung Chen

Chia-Hao Chang

Pei-Ling Lin

Expression of tyrosine phosphatases in relation to PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori

与家蚕前胸腺中PTTH刺激的蜕皮甾类生成相关的酪氨酸磷酸酶表达

Rodent models constitute a cornerstone in the elucidation of the effects and biological mechanisms of 17β-estradiol. However, a thorough assessment of the methods for long-term administration of 17β-estradiol to mice is lacking. The fact that 17β-estradiol has been demonstrated to exert different effects depending on dose emphasizes the need for validated administration regimens. Therefore, 169 female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized and administered 17β-estradiol using one of the two commonly used subcutaneous methods; slow-release pellets (0.18 mg, 60-day release pellets; 0.72 mg, 90-day release pellets) and silastic capsules (with/without convalescence period, silastic laboratory tubing, inner/outer diameter: 1.575/3.175 mm, filled with a 14 mm column of 36 μg 17β-estradiol/mL sesame oil), or a novel peroral method (56 μg 17β-estradiol/day/kg body weight in the hazelnut cream Nutella). Forty animals were used as ovariectomized and intact controls. Serum samples were obtained weekly for five weeks and 17β-estradiol concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay. The peroral method resulted in steady concentrations within--except on one occasion--the physiological range and the silastic capsules produced predominantly physiological concentrations, although exceeding the range by maximum a factor three during the first three weeks. The 0.18 mg pellet yielded initial concentrations an order of magnitude higher than the physiological range, which then decreased drastically, and the 0.72 mg pellet produced between 18 and 40 times higher concentrations than the physiological range during the entire experiment. The peroral method and silastic capsules described in this article constitute reliable modes of administration of 17β-estradiol, superior to the widely used commercial pellets.

E. Ingberg

A. Theodorsson

E. Theodorsson

J.O. Strom

Methods for long-term 17β-estradiol administration to mice

小鼠长期17β-雌二醇给药方法

Chie Umatani

Neuromodulation in the fish brain for reproductive success

鱼脑中的神经调节与繁殖成功

Crustacean female sex hormone (CFSH) was first identified as a female eyestalk-specific factor involved in the female sexual development in blue crab. Whether CFSH has conserved role in other decapod species remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified a CFSH gene (MrCFSH) in the Z and W chromosomes from the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii genome. The MrCFSH encodes a protein of 306 amino acids, including a signal peptide, a precursor-associated peptide, and a mature peptide. The MrCFSH transcripts was expressed in the brain, heart, and gonads in both female and male adults. During sexual development, the expression of MrCFSH transcripts gradually increased in female and male juveniles from post-larval 10 (PL10) to PL60 stages but no significant difference between the females and males at the same stages were found. To investigate its potential role in early sexual development, in vivo RNAi experiments were performed by injecting MrCFSH dsRNA into juveniles from PL30 to PL90 stages. After two months of administration, the sexual characteristics of the females and males were not affected, but the growth rate of juveniles was significantly inhibited compared to the control group injected with GFP dsRNA. The body length and body weight was reduced by 25%, 35%, 28%, 26%, and 69%, 76%, 65%, 61% in the juveniles at PL120, PL150, PL180 and PL210 stages, respectively. The body length and weight of males at PL210 stage were reduced by 22% and 54%, and those of females were reduced by 26% and 60%, respectively. Overall, our present study revealed that the MrCFSH is associated with growth instead of sexual development in the prawn M. rosenbergii.

Xing-Lin Lai

Zhen-Hua Zhang

Jia-Yan Chen

Yu-Ru Liu

Wei-Kun Yun

Li-Ping Chen

Jie Chen

Gao-Feng Qiu

A newly characterized CFSH gene in sex chromosomes is associated with growth instead of sexual development in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

新鉴定的性染色体上的CFSH基因与罗氏沼虾的生长而非性发育相关

Yuri Nozawa

Ayako Okamura

Hibiki Fukuchi

Masamichi Shinohara

Sayaka Aizawa

Sakae Takeuchi

Crosstalk between prolactin, insulin-like growth factors, and thyroid hormones in feather growth regulation in neonatal chick wings

新生雏鸡翅羽生长调控中催乳素、胰岛素样生长因子与甲状腺激素间的串扰

A.T. Desaulniers

C.E. Ross

R.A. Cederberg

K.W. Lovercamp

C.A. Lents

B.R. White

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone II and its receptor regulate motility, morphology, and kinematics of porcine spermatozoa in vitro

促性腺激素释放激素II及其受体调节猪精子体外运动性、形态和运动学

Super-conserved Receptors Expressed in Brain (SREB) are a highly conserved family of orphan G protein-coupled receptors that consist of three members in most vertebrates: SREB1 (GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173). Each receptor is associated with diverse physiological processes and expressed in both ovaries and testes, but reproductive functions are only beginning to be understood. In addition, some fishes gained a novel fourth gene, SREB3B, which may have unique functions. The purpose of this study was to conduct a spatial and quantitative analysis of SREBs in the gonads of pufferfish (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis), which expresses all four genes. Multiplex RNAscope and absolute qPCR were used to assess gene expression patterns in both ovaries and testes. Expression was detected in early ovaries and dominated by sreb1 (approximately 2500 copies/ng RNA vs. 300 or less for others), with notable expression of all receptors in primary oocytes, granulosa cells, and small numbers of extra-follicular cells. Within primary oocytes, sreb1 and sreb3b exhibited diffuse patterns that may indicate early functions, while sreb2 and sreb3a were granular and may reflect stored mRNA. Early testicular development was dominated by sreb1 and sreb2 (∼5000 copies/ng RNA) in spermatogonia. These patterns were somewhat reduced in late testes (∼1000-2600 copies/ng RNA), but sreb3b exhibited a novel spatial pattern (∼380 copies/ng RNA) within spermatogenic cysts. These results highlight diverse roles for the SREB family, and sreb3b is hypothesized to have unique roles in fish reproduction.

Timothy S Breton

Maria Eduarda Oliveira

Truly Chillemi

William Harriman

Joanna Korasadowicz

Eme Saverese

Emma Bourget

Casey A Murray

Christopher J Martyniuk

Matthew A DiMaggio

Spatial and quantitative gene expression analysis of SREB receptors in the gonads of green-spotted pufferfish (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis)

绿点河豚（Dichotomyctere nigroviridis）性腺中SREB受体的空间和定量基因表达分析

Abbreviation	Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
Journal Impact	2.18
Quartiles(Global)	ZOOLOGY(Q1)

ISSN	0016-6480, 1095-6840
h-index	133

Publication Information	Publisher: Academic Press Inc.，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1961，Proportion of original research papers: 96.88%，Self Citation Rate:14.30%， Gold OA Rate: 22.09%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：一般,3-6周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Lungfish evolution and development.

Autophagy and mitochondrial damage in the testis of high-fat diet fed rats

Expression of tyrosine phosphatases in relation to PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Methods for long-term 17β-estradiol administration to mice

Neuromodulation in the fish brain for reproductive success

A newly characterized CFSH gene in sex chromosomes is associated with growth instead of sexual development in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Neuromodulation in the fish brain for reproductive success

Crosstalk between prolactin, insulin-like growth factors, and thyroid hormones in feather growth regulation in neonatal chick wings

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone II and its receptor regulate motility, morphology, and kinematics of porcine spermatozoa in vitro

Spatial and quantitative gene expression analysis of SREB receptors in the gonads of green-spotted pufferfish (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis)