Journal of Personality publishes scientific investigations in the field of personality. It focuses particularly on personality and behavior dynamics, personality development, and individual differences in the cognitive, affective, and interpersonal domains. The journal reflects and stimulates interest in the growth of new theoretical and methodological approaches in personality psychology.

The Journal of Personality publishes scientific research in the field of personality. It particularly focuses on the dynamics of personality and behavior, personality development, and individual differences in cognitive, affective, and interpersonal domains. The journal reflects and stimulates interest in the growth of new theoretical and methodological approaches in personality psychology.

《Journal of Personality》期刊发表有关人格领域的科学研究，特别关注人格与行为动态、人格发展以及认知、情感和人际交往领域的个体差异。该期刊反映并激发对人格心理学中新理论和方法论发展兴趣。

Journal of Personality

Adler (2002; Adler & Fagley, 2001) argued that being appreciative facilitates and enhances feelings of well-being and life satisfaction, as well as feelings of connection to what we have, to what we experience, and to life itself. In addition, expressing appreciation to others is believed to build social bonds. Although appreciation is viewed as a disposition, it is also viewed as something people can learn over time, making it an especially valuable construct to measure. Appreciating something (e.g. an event, a person, a behavior, an object) involves noticing and acknowledging its value and meaning and feeling a positive emotional connection to it. We defined eight aspects of appreciation and developed scales to measure them: a focus on what one has ("Have" Focus), Awe, Ritual, Present Moment, Self/Social Comparison, Gratitude, Loss/Adversity, Interpersonal. Scores on the subscales may be totaled to yield a score representing one's overall degree of appreciation (or level of appreciativeness) (coefficient alpha=.94). We also developed an 18-item short form (coefficient alpha=.91) that correlates .95 with scores on the long form. The scales correlated in predicted ways with measures of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. More importantly, appreciation was significantly related to life satisfaction and positive affect, even after the effects of optimism, spirituality, and emotional self-awareness had been statistically controlled.

Mitchel G. Adler

N. S. Fagley

Appreciation: Individual Differences in Finding Value and Meaning as a Unique Predictor of Subjective Well‐Being

欣赏：作为主观幸福感独特预测因子的发现价值和意义的个体差异

ABSTRACT In this article, we examine subjective vitality, a positive feeling of aliveness and energy, in six studies. Subjective vitality is hypothesized to reflect organismic well‐being and thus should covary with both psychological and somatic factors that impact the energy available to the self. Associations are shown between subjective vitality and several indexes of psychological well‐being; somatic factors such as physical symptoms and perceived body functioning; and basic personality traits and affective dispositions. Subsequently, vitality is shown to be lower in people with chronic pain compared to matched controls, especially those who perceive their pain to be disabling or frightening. Subjective vitality is further associated with self‐motivation and maintained weight loss among patients treated for obesity. Finally, subjective vitality is assessed in a diary study for its covariation with physical symptoms. Discussion focuses on the phenomenological salience of personal energy and its relations to physical and psychological well‐being.

Richard M. Ryan

Christina Frederick

On Energy, Personality, and Health: Subjective Vitality as a Dynamic Reflection of Well‐Being

关于能量、个性与健康：主观活力作为幸福感的动态反映

This research examined the rank-order and mean-level consistency of personal goals at two periods in the adult life span. Personal goal continuity was considered among a group of young adults (N = 145) who reported their goals three times over a 3-year period and among a group of midlife adults (N = 163) who specified their goals annually over a 4-year period. Goals were coded for a series of motive-based (viz., achievement, affiliation, intimacy, power) and domain-based (viz., finance, generativity, health, travel) categories. In both samples, we noted a moderate degree of rank-order consistency across assessment periods. In addition, the majority of goal categories exhibited a high degree of mean-level consistency. The results of this research suggest that (a) the content of goals exhibits a modest degree of rank-order consistency and a substantial degree of mean-level consistency over time, and (b) considering personality continuity and development as manifest via goals represents a viable strategy for personality psychologists.

William L. Dunlop

Brittany L. Bannon

Dan P. McAdams

Studying the Motivated Agent Through Time: Personal Goal Development During the Adult Life Span

通过时间研究动机性主体：成年期个人目标发展

Journal of PersonalityVolume 44, Issue 3 p. 501-517 Behavior and attitude: Some people are more consistent than others1 Mark Snyder, Mark Snyder University of MinnesotaSearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Decker Tanke, Elizabeth Decker Tanke University of Minnesota Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark Snyder, Laboratory for Research in Social Relations, Department of Psychology, Elliott Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.Search for more papers by this author Mark Snyder, Mark Snyder University of MinnesotaSearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Decker Tanke, Elizabeth Decker Tanke University of Minnesota Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark Snyder, Laboratory for Research in Social Relations, Department of Psychology, Elliott Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1976.tb00135.xCitations: 85 1 This research and the preparation of this manuscript were supported in part by grants in aid of research from the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota, National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH 24998-01, and National Science Foundation Grant SOC 75-13872 to Mark Snyder. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume44, Issue3September 1976Pages 501-517 RelatedInformation

Mark Snyder

Elizabeth Decker Tanke

Behavior and attitude: Some people are more consistent than others1

行为与态度：有些人的一致性高于其他人1

Abstract Objective/Background Flow, a psychological state of intense engagement in and enjoyment of an activity, can arise during both solitary and socially interactive experiences. In the literature, whereas people high in extraversion have difficulty achieving flow in solitude, those with an autotelic personality—a combination of traits that make people prone to flow—readily experience flow in both solitary and interactive conditions. In this pre‐registered experiment, we investigated whether autotelic personality mitigates the negative association between solitary flow and extraversion. Method Participants and their romantic partners (final N = 368) played the game Perfection™ in three conditions (order was counterbalanced): alone ( solitary condition ), in the presence of their partner without interaction ( mere‐presence condition ), and collaboratively ( interactive condition ). Results There were independent, positive main effects of extraversion and autotelic personality on flow experience in mere‐presence and interactive conditions. However, the positive effect of extraversion on solitary flow was only significant among participants with high (vs. low) autotelic personality. In all conditions, flow experience was associated with greater low‐arousal positive affect and lesser high‐arousal negative affect. Conclusions The findings shed light on the role of personality in promoting solitary flow experiences, and particularly how traits might interact to determine optimal and non‐optimal conditions for achieving flow.

Dwight C. K. Tse

Ayodele Joseph

Kate Sweeny

Alone but flowing: The effects of autotelic personality and extraversion on solitary flow

孤独但流动：自成目的人格与外向性对独处心流的影响

Text analysis is a form of psychological assessment that involves converting qualitative information (text) into quantitative data. We tested whether automated text analysis using Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) can match the "gold standard" of manual text analysis, even when assessing a highly nuanced construct like spirituality.

Michael Prinzing

Elizabeth Bounds

Karen Melton

Perry Glanzer

Barbara Fredrickson

Sarah Schnitker

Can an Algorithm Tell How Spiritual You Are? Using Generative Pretrained Transformers for Sophisticated Forms of Text Analysis

算法能判断你的灵性程度吗？利用生成式预训练变换器进行复杂的文本分析

ABSTRACT Objective Understanding the impact of sociocultural tendencies on the personality development of adolescents represents a critical theoretical and practical issue in the field of adolescent development. In the context of China's collectivist culture, the developmental trajectories of and the interaction between sensation seeking and collectivism among adolescents remain largely unknown. Method This study examined the heterogeneity of the joint growth patterns of sensation seeking and collectivism and their interactions across distinct latent trajectory classes. We collected 3‐year longitudinal data from 20,225 Chinese adolescents (60.45% male). Results We identified four unique joint developmental trajectories. Contrary to the traditional view that collectivism inherently suppresses sensation seeking, most adolescents (89.52%) exhibited synchronous growth of both dimensions. The development of adolescent sensation‐seeking behavior was significantly influenced by their alignment with societal contribution‐driven happiness and an unquestioning prioritization of collective interests. Conclusions Our findings underscore the nuanced interplay and commonalities between sensation seeking and collectivism development among Chinese adolescents.

Chuqi Chen

Xingke Wang

Tenghui Shen

Sai Tang

Sha Tao

Daoyang Wang

Unveiling the Heterogeneity of Sensation Seeking and Collectivism Development in Chinese Adolescents

揭示中国青少年感觉寻求与集体主义发展的异质性

ABSTRACT Objective Borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently co‐occurs with addictive behaviors. One such behavior that is increasing, especially among college students, is pathological gaming. However, to the best of our knowledge, no prior research has been conducted on BPD in relation to internet gaming disorder (IGD), despite the two sharing correlates such as negative emotionality and impulsivity. We therefore explored the relationship between BPD traits and IGD. Method We sampled a large ( N = 407) sample of college students using two non‐overlapping measures of BPD traits. We additionally examined the unique relationship of BPD traits with specific motivations for internet game playing and the perceived positive and negative impacts of internet games. Results On a bivariate level, BPD traits were associated with IGD, motivations to play internet games, especially for reasons of escapism or coping, and self‐reported negative impact of gaming on participants' lives. However, the associations with IGD for escapism/coping motivations did not remain after controlling for demographics, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Instead, only depression uniquely predicted IGD and various motives for internet gaming. Conclusion The results highlight the robust predictive power of negative effect on IGD, and it is suggested that future studies may benefit from continuing to focus on this relationship.

Aidan F. Sevintuna

Marina A. Bornovalova

Kristen Salomon

Correlates of Borderline Personality Disorder Traits and Internet Gaming Disorder in College Students

大学生边缘性人格障碍特征与网络游戏障碍的相关性研究

ABSTRACT Introduction Lonely people often crave social connection, but their social interactions fall short of fulfilling their needs. Although loneliness has been associated with negative views of the world, it is not clear whether these world beliefs contribute to the unfulfilling social interaction patterns that sustain loneliness. This research examined the role of world beliefs in explaining the effects of loneliness on daily frequency and quality of interaction, and the implications for sustained loneliness over time. Methods Both members of romantic couples ( N = 472) completed measures of loneliness, world beliefs, and daily social interactions with weak and strong ties over 2 weeks (daily N = 6411) and completed a follow‐up assessment of loneliness a year later. Results Relative to those who felt connected, lonely people believed the world was worse, dangerous, dull, and did not need them. Loneliness also indirectly predicted reduced quality and quantity of social interaction via negative, dull, and not needed world beliefs. In turn, the quality of interactions with strong ties predicted maintained loneliness a year later. However, dangerous world beliefs predicted better interactions with close relationship partners. Conclusion Findings suggest that the negative subjective worlds inhabited by lonely people may partially explain why lonely people have unfulfilling social interactions that tend to sustain their loneliness.

Edward P. Lemay

Jennifer N. Cutri

Ronald T. Or

Alexander J. Davis

Zizhong Xiao

The Role of World Beliefs in Loneliness: Implications for Daily Social Interaction and Persistence of Loneliness Over Time

世界信念在孤独感中的作用：对日常社交互动及孤独感随时间持续的影响

ABSTRACT Objective Self‐compassion can help people when they make mistakes, but does it affect how people respond when falsely accused of making a mistake? In this research, we tested the hypothesis that self‐compassion is associated with lower levels of anger after a false accusation which, in turn, lowers the likelihood that people will attempt to challenge the accusation. Method In Studies 1A ( N = 422) and 1B ( N = 492), participants imagined that they were playing in an important tennis match and were falsely accused by an official of making an error. In Study 2 ( N = 346), participants completed an online survey that, at one point, displayed a message accusing them of plagiarizing one of their responses. Results In all studies, self‐compassion assessed prior to the accusation was negatively associated with levels of anger following the accusation. Anger, in turn, was positively associated with intentions to challenge the accusation (Studies 1A and 1B) and with the likelihood that participants brought the false accusation to our attention when given an opportunity to do so (Study 2). Conclusion This research shows that highly self‐compassionate people are not always ferocious and may be susceptible to being taken advantage of when facing false accusations.

Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg

Amy Geddes

Shaelyn Strachan

Daniel Bailis

When Self‐Compassion Lacks Ferocity: Anger and Responding to False Accusations

自我慈悲缺乏猛烈：愤怒与应对虚假指控

Abbreviation	J Personality
Journal Impact	3.23
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL(Q1)

ISSN	0022-3506, 1467-6494
h-index	167
Top Journals	Yes

Publication Information	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1932，Proportion of original research papers: 98.95%，Self Citation Rate:9.40%， Gold OA Rate: 45.91%

Journal of Personality

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