TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 发表有关热带医学各个方面的权威和有影响力的原创、同行评议文章和评论。

The Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene publishes authoritative and influential original, peer-reviewed articles and reviews on various aspects of tropical medicine.

《Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene》发表关于热带医学各个方面的权威性和影响力的原创、同行评审的文章和评论。

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

In 2019, a dengue outbreak involving Aedes albopictus occurred in a rural area of Espírito Santo, Brazil, motivating our study in Sooretama and Linhares.

Helder Ricas Rezende

Creuza Rachel Vicente

Samira Chahad-Ehlers

Orlei Amaral Cardoso

Crispim Cerutti

Camila Malta Romano

Caio Santos de Souza

Giovana Santos Caleiro

Bruno Luiz Miranda Guedes

Lucas Mendes Ferreira

Filomena Euridice Carvalho de Alencar

Entomological investigation after an outbreak of dengue at the riverside of Rio Doce, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

里约多斯河沿岸登革热爆发后的昆虫学调查，巴西圣埃斯皮里图州

Abstract Background There is a need for current and more detailed information on the distribution of Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails in East Africa's river systems. B. pfeifferi is arguably the most important snail intermediate host in the transmission of schistosomiasis, a disease ranked second to malaria in terms of tropical diseases of public health importance. Methods We assessed the occurrence and geographical distribution of B. pfeifferi snails in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Maximum entropy modelling was used to predict the potential distribution of B. pfeifferi snails and malacological surveys were conducted guided by MaxEnt predictions and information from previous studies. Malacological surveys were conducted at a total of 172 sites, including streams, rivers, dams, irrigation schemes and springs over a 3-y period from 2018 to 2020, with geospatial, ecological and physicochemical information recorded for each site. Results B. pfeifferi snails were found at 23 of the 172 sites and inhabited a variety of habitat types. Of the 23 sites where B. pfeifferi snails were found, 15 (65.2%) were streams, 3 rivers (13.04%), 2 dams (8.7%), 2 springs (8.7%) and 1 an irrigation scheme (4.35%). B. pfeifferi abundance showed a significant positive correlation with increasing water temperature and decreasing water depth. In Kenya, B. pfeifferi snails were found around the Lake Victoria basin, the Mwea irrigation scheme and in parts of the former Eastern Province of Kenya. In Uganda, B. pfeifferi snails were found in Jinja District, Ntoroko District and Soroti District. In Tanzania, B. pfeifferi snails were found in the Iringa, Tabora and Kigoma Regions. We observed moderate to high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection, with S. mansoni–infected snails found at 11 of 23 sites and with an average prevalence of 24.9% at infected sites. In Kenya, S. mansoni–infected snails were found in the Lake Victoria basin (22.5% prevalence at infected sites) and the former Eastern Province (13.5% prevalence at infected sites). In Uganda, infected snails were found in Ntoroko District (100% infected) and Soroti District (20% infected). In Tanzania, infected snails were found in the Kigoma Region, with a prevalence of 10% at the infected site. Conclusion This information on the distribution of B. pfeifferi snails and S. mansoni infection in East Africa's river systems can aid in developing better prevention and control strategies for human schistosomiasis. Regular surveys of the river systems for snail intermediate hosts followed by molecular detection of schistosome infection could form a basis for the development of a prompt and cost-effective surveillance system for schistosomiasis in the region.

Victor O Magero

Sammy Kisara

Mbaruk A Suleman

Christopher M Wade

Distribution of the schistosome intermediate snail host Biomphalaria pfeifferi in East Africa's river systems and the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection

东非河流系统中血吸虫中间宿主扁卷螺的分布及曼氏血吸虫感染的流行情况

Abstract Background Leptospirosis (LS) and hantavirus (HV) are rodent-borne diseases and share similar clinical manifestations, posing diagnostic challenges. Methods This retrospective study compared clinical characteristics, laboratory data, complications and outcomes of 33 LS and nine HV cases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from 2006 to 2021. Results Both LS and HV diseases had high rates of acute kidney injury (84.8% vs 66.7%) and hepatitis (65.6% vs 88.9%); LS showed more hyperbilirubinemia (70% vs 12.5% in HV, p=0.005), higher initial creatinine levels (2.9 vs 1.37, p=0.018) and elevated initial C-reactive protein (218.3 vs 28.6 mg/dl, p&amp;lt;0.001), but lower initial lymphocyte percentage (6.63% vs 14.2%, p=0.005) and platelets (138.7/mm3 vs 68.9, p=0.016) compared with HV. Microscopic hematuria was significantly more prevalent in LS (80% vs 28.65% in HV, p=0.016). Notably, the LS and HV groups exhibited statistically significant differences in thrombocytopenia (57.5% vs 100%, p=0.019), hyperbilirubinemia (70% vs 12.5%, p=0.005), shock (45.5% vs 0%, p=0.016) and hematuria (80% vs 28.6%, p=0.016). Neither group experienced fatalities. Conclusions Fever, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury alert physicians to consider LS and HV for differential diagnosis. Elevated bilirubin, along with hematuria or shock, suggests a preferred diagnosis for LS.

Shih-Hao Lo

Tun-Chieh Chen

Chun-Yu Lin

Hsiao-Chen Hsieh

Ping-Chang Lai

Wei-Li Lien

Yen-Cheng Yeh

Ing-Kit Lee

Yen-Hsu Chen

Po-Liang Lu

Ko Chang

Comparison of clinical and laboratory data between hantavirus infection and leptospirosis: a retrospective case series study in southern Taiwan

汉坦病毒感染与钩端螺旋体病临床及实验室数据比较：台湾南部回顾性病例系列研究

This study estimated the sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of Human T-lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) infection among Afro-Brazilians in the two largest remnant Quilombo communities in Mato Grosso do Sul State.

Carolina Amianti

Larissa M Bandeira

Lívia A Lima

Bárbara V do Lago

Antonio C R Vallinoto

Ana Rita C Motta-Castro

Human T-lymphotropic Virus infection among Quilombo communities in Central Brazil

巴西中部基隆博社区的人类T淋巴细胞病毒感染

An eschar is not always present in all scrub typhus patients. Furthermore, such patients may present to tertiary care hospitals after administration of doxycycline. The present study aimed to determine the usefulness of using the swab from eschar sites in the diagnosis of scrub typhus in patients who present post-doxycycline therapy.

Rimjhim Kanaujia

Harpreet Singh

Kamlesh Bisht

Shriya Goel

Suresh Selvam

Jasleen Kaur

Karthi Nallasamy

Navneet Sharma

Manisha Biswal

Molecular diagnosis and duration of eschar swab sample positivity post-doxycycline therapy in scrub typhus patients

恙虫病患者多西环素治疗后焦痂拭子样本阳性分子诊断及持续时间

Abstract Background Mycetoma, a neglected tropical disease endemic to Sudan, is traditionally characterized as a painless condition. However, recent studies reporting painful mycetoma lesions have challenged this assumption. With limited reports in the medical literature regarding pain in mycetoma, this study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for painful mycetoma lesions in patients visiting the Mycetoma Research Centre (MRC) in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the risk factors for painful mycetoma lesions. The study analyzed electronic records of 481 patients with confirmed mycetoma, seen between 1991 and 2020, using a systematic sampling approach. Results The study found that pain was more likely to occur in cases with bone destruction, secondary bacterial infection and actinomycete infection (OR=1.762, 1.815 and 1.259, respectively). Additionally, pain was more frequently observed in patients aged 45 y and older. Smaller mycetoma lesions, measuring less than 5 cm, were less likely to cause pain, and this was identified as a significant risk factor for painful mycetoma lesions (β coefficient=−1.294). Conclusion The findings suggested that pain in mycetoma is typically associated with the severity of the condition. Therefore, early initiation of appropriate treatment may help reduce pain. Furthermore, careful differentiation between actinomycetes and eumycetes is essential for the timely and accurate diagnosis of mycetoma.

Saria O El-Amin

Rahba O El-Amin

Sarah M El-Sadig

Ahmed Hassan Fahal

Ahmed Musa

Painful mycetoma: a study to understand the risk factors in patients visiting the Mycetoma Research Centre (MRC) in Khartoum, Sudan

疼痛性足菌肿：一项研究，旨在了解苏丹喀土穆足菌肿研究中心（MRC）就诊患者的危险因素

Abstract Background Neurotoxicity is a common feature of elapid snake envenomation. There are limited studies on the toxicity of Naja nubiae venom, the Nubian spitting cobra, from north-east Africa. Methods We used the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation to demonstrate the neurotoxic effect of N. nubiae venom and to compare it with the potent neurotoxic cobra Naja melanoleuca venom. Venoms were separated by successive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) runs and the molecular mass of the neurotoxins was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results Both venoms caused time-dependent inhibition of nerve-mediated twitches with a t90 value of 22.2±1.9 min and 12.9±1.2 min for N. nubiae and N. melanoleuca venoms, respectively. Prior incubation of some commercial antivenom (EchiTab-Plus-ICP [Costa Rica], CSL, Parkville, Victoria, Australia) and snake venom antisera [India]) did not prevent the neurotoxic effect of N. nubiae venom. The chromatographic separation of N. nubiae and N. melanoleuca venoms followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that short-chain α-neurotoxin accounted for 8.4% of N. nubiae and 14.8% of N. melanoleuca whole venoms. Conclusions N. nubiae venom, which was previously known as cytotoxic venom, exhibits considerable in vitro neurotoxic effects on chick nerve-muscle preparations that may have consequences for antivenom development in north-east Africa.

Huda Khalid

Maowia M Mukhtar

The neurotoxic effect of Naja nubiae (Serpentes: Elapidae) venom from Sudan

苏丹眼镜蛇（Serpentes: Elapidae）毒液的神经毒性效应

Abbreviation	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
Journal Impact	2.05
Quartiles(Global)	TROPICAL MEDICINE(Q2)

ISSN	0035-9203, 1878-3503
h-index	117

Publication Information	Publisher: Oxford University Press，Publishing cycle: Bimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1907，Proportion of original research papers: 90.14%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 19.55%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：偏慢,4-8周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Entomological investigation after an outbreak of dengue at the riverside of Rio Doce, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Distribution of the schistosome intermediate snail host Biomphalaria pfeifferi in East Africa's river systems and the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Comparison of clinical and laboratory data between hantavirus infection and leptospirosis: a retrospective case series study in southern Taiwan

Human T-lymphotropic Virus infection among Quilombo communities in Central Brazil

Molecular diagnosis and duration of eschar swab sample positivity post-doxycycline therapy in scrub typhus patients

Human T-lymphotropic Virus infection among Quilombo communities in Central Brazil

Comparison of clinical and laboratory data between hantavirus infection and leptospirosis: a retrospective case series study in southern Taiwan

Distribution of the schistosome intermediate snail host Biomphalaria pfeifferi in East Africa's river systems and the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Painful mycetoma: a study to understand the risk factors in patients visiting the Mycetoma Research Centre (MRC) in Khartoum, Sudan

The neurotoxic effect of Naja nubiae (Serpentes: Elapidae) venom from Sudan