Since its foundation in 1935, Theoria publishes research in all areas of philosophy. Theoria is committed to precision and clarity in philosophical discussions, and encourages cooperation between philosophy and other disciplines. The journal is not affiliated with any particular school or faction. Instead, it promotes dialogues between different philosophical viewpoints. Theoria is peer-reviewed. It publishes articles, reviews, and shorter notes and discussions. Short discussion notes on recent articles in Theoria are welcome.

Since its establishment in 1935, Theoria (Spain) has been dedicated to research in all areas of philosophy. The journal emphasizes precision and clarity in philosophical discussions and encourages collaboration between philosophy and other disciplines. Theoria is not affiliated with any particular school or faction; instead, it fosters dialogue between different philosophical viewpoints. The journal is peer-reviewed and publishes articles, reviews, and shorter notes and discussions. Short discussion notes on recent articles in Theoria are welcome.

《Theoria（西班牙）》自1935年创刊以来，致力于哲学各领域的研究。该期刊强调哲学讨论的精确性和清晰性，鼓励哲学与其他学科之间的合作。《Theoria》不隶属于任何特定的学派或派系，而是促进不同哲学观点之间的对话。该期刊经过同行评审，发表文章、书评以及简短的笔记和讨论。欢迎对《Theoria》近期文章的简短讨论笔记。

Theoria (Spain)

Sven Ove Hansson

Theoria

False allegations of research misconduct

研究不当行为的虚假指控

Abstract Tooley (2012) has attacked presentism by urging that dated tenseless sentences can be both meaningful and true, but they imply consequences that presentism cannot accept. Tooley is right is acknowledging tenseless language, because without it the competing theses in temporal ontology, including presentism, cannot be appropriately formulated and the ontological dispute risks to be unsubstantial. Thus, presentism should indeed acknowledge dated tenseless sentences. However, when properly interpreted, such sentences do not have the anti‐presentist consequences claimed by Tooley. The problem is that Tooley puts forward, rather than a proper interpretation, truth conditions that an eternalist could associate to them, in the light of eternalistically acceptable truthmakers. A presentist, however, would provide different truthmakers. We need a formal language that allows us to rigorously distinguish between proper interpretations of sentences and their truth conditions driven by different ontological views. One such language is sketched here in broad outline.

Francesco Orilia

Presentism, tenselessness and dates

现在论、无时性和日期

Abstract The Principle of the Fixity of the Past (FP) holds that the past is ‘fixed’ in evaluating what we are free to do, and it is frequently invoked by incompatibilists when arguing that freedom and determinism are incompatible. However, several authors have argued that incompatibilists ought to abandon FP for a different principle, sometimes called the Principle of the Fixity of the Independent (FI). According to this principle, it is not the past in its entirety that is fixed, but only those parts of the past that are independent of our current choices. But a question remains: What about authors who are not friendly to incompatibilism in the first place? Is there any reason to think that compatibilists should also abandon their preferred interpretation of FP for something along the lines of FI? I examine perhaps the most influential version of (classical or leeway) compatibilism, David Lewis's ‘local‐miracle compatibilism’. I argue that although Lewis's version of local‐miracle compatibilism avoids being committed to anything like FI, his version faces a number of objections. Once we revise Lewis's version to avoid these objections, we arrive at a version of local‐miracle compatibilism that is committed to FI, or at least something very close.

Andrew Law

The fixity of the past, the fixity of the independent and local‐miracle compatibilism

过去的固定性，独立与地方奇迹兼容论的固定性

The goal of this paper is to show that the information carried by a structural representation can be decomposed into the information carried by its component parts. In particular, the relations between the components of a structural representation carry quantifiable information about the relations between components of their signifieds. It follows that the information carried by cognitive structural representations, including cognitive maps, can in principle be quantified and decomposed. This is perhaps surprising given that the formal tools of communication theory have typically only been applied to simpler representation-like states without significant structure, such as detectors or indicators. In the final section I consider using computational complexity theory to capture the processing advantages afforded by structural representation.

Stephen Mann

THEORIA An International Journal for Theory History and Foundations of Science

Quantifying information in structural representations

量化结构表征中的信息

An operational approach to quantum mechanics has been developed in the past decades in our group in Brussels. A similar approach is taken in this work, making use of the extra operational depth offered by this approach, to show that the construction of spacetime is specific to each observer. What is usually referred to as the block universe then emerges by noting that parts of the past and future are also contained in the present, but without the limitations that a four-dimensional block universe usually implies, of a reality in which change would be impossible. In our operational approach, reality remains dynamic, with free choice playing a central role in its conceptualization. We also show that, when operationally analyzed, the theory implies that objects move not only in space, but also and especially in time, and more generally in spacetime, with their rest mass being a measure of their kinetic time energy. We therefore claim that Einstein’s relativity revolution has not been fully realized, since most physicists are not ready to accept these consequences of the theory although the formula’s showing them, when operationally analyzed, are in every relativity textbook. In particular, when relativistic motion is revisited as a genuine four-dimensional motion, it becomes possible to reinterpret the parameter c associated with the coordinate speed of light, which becomes the magnitude of the four-velocity of all material entities. We observe that this four-dimensional motion in Minkowski space can also be better understood if placed in the broader perspective of quantum mechanics, provided that non-locality is interpreted as non-spatiality, thus indicating the existence of an underlying non-spatial reality, the nature of which could be conceptual, consistent with the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics. This hypothesis is reinforced by noting that when observers, or experiencers, as they will be referred to in this article, are described by acknowledging their cognitive nature of entities moving in a semantic space, Minkowski metric emerges in a natural way.

Diederik Aerts

Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

A quantum mechanical analysis of time and motion in relativity theory

相对论中时间与运动的量子力学分析

Abstract Developers of artificial intelligence (AI) often cannot explain the inferences their neural networks make, at least not in ways that satisfy user needs. XAI—explainable artificial intelligence—aims to develop techniques for providing such explanations. XAI researchers have adopted techniques that, to philosophers, seem representationalist–internalist, leading some philosophers to call for more externalist alternatives. But is explaining AI models through causally related external factors feasible? I suggest we compare the idea of externalist XAI to so‐called functionalist XAI. Two common arguments against functionalist XAI are the Epistemic Argument and the Trust Argument, respectively. I discuss whether these arguments can be met by externalists, as well as a new, previously unnoticed challenge from random initialization.

Anders Søgaard

Externalist <scp>XAI</scp>?

外部主义的<scp>XAI</scp>？

Abstract A distinctive and widely recognized feature of proper names is that, unlike other words, names can be used across languages without modification. Yet, this feature of names—the prevalence and acceptability of their ‘cross‐linguistic’ uses—has been mostly overlooked within philosophy. This article highlights the theoretical importance of the cross‐linguistic uses of names in the debate concerning their syntax and semantics. It identifies an anomalous phonological feature of names in their cross‐linguistic uses and argues that the source of the anomaly is the widespread view that proper names are syntactically simple. It also argues that such uses provide evidence for the syntactic view that the phonological articulation of a name is mentioned and not used in the syntax—a view that is consistent with some but not all semantic views of names. By examining the hitherto overlooked cross‐linguistic uses of names, this article provides new evidence in favour of a certain variety of metalinguistic views concerning the syntax and semantics of names.

短名
Journal Impact	0.25
国际分区	HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE(Q2)
期刊索引	中科院 4 区

ISSN	0040-5825, 0495-4548, 2171-679X
h-index	17
国内分区	哲学(4区)哲学科学史与科学哲学(4区)

涉及主题	哲学认识论政治学计算机科学心理学
出版信息	出版商: UPV/EHU Press，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2003，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:0.00%， Gold OA占比: 38.86%

Theoria (Spain)

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False allegations of research misconduct

Presentism, tenselessness and dates

The fixity of the past, the fixity of the independent and local‐miracle compatibilism

Quantifying information in structural representations

A quantum mechanical analysis of time and motion in relativity theory

Presentism, tenselessness and dates

The fixity of the past, the fixity of the independent and local‐miracle compatibilism

Externalist XAI?

False allegations of research misconduct

The cross‐linguistic uses of proper names