Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie

A quantitative exploration of retinal cell content was carried out in diabetics and metabolically healthy controls of the same age and sex distribution. After diabetes of 6 years duration there was a drastic diminution of cells in the ganglion cell layer of the central retinal area, while the number of cells of the inner nuclear layer was slightly reduced and that of the outer nuclear layer was still unchanged. The periphery of short duration diabetic retinae showed a normal cell content in all nuclear layers. In long-term diabetes (about 10 years), significant diminutions in cell numbers were found in all layers of both the retinal center and periphery. The described cell deficits are accounted for by disturbances of retinal microcirculation. After a relatively short duration of diabetes, blood flow interruptions in the area supplied by the central retinal artery occur; in long-term diabetics the chorioidal vessels are also affected. Connexions between the cell-deficit pattern and functional (electrophysiological) findings are discussed.

U. Fuchs

A. Reichenbach

H. Siwula

G. Taubert

P. Winiecki

Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

Die Ver�nderungen des Zellbesatzes der Netzhaut beim Diabetiker

糖尿病患者视网膜细胞构成的变化

Plastic microspheres (7–10 μm in diameter), 51Cr-labeled autologous red blood cells (RBC), and 125I-tagged homologous albumin were injected into the vitreous space of vitrectomized phakic and aphakic rabbits. The drainage into the aqueous compartments and blood circulation was assessed. In phakic eyes, there was practically no movement of microspheres and RBC into the anterior chamber over a period of 19 days. In aphakia, vitreous clearance improved but only 1%–3% of labeled RBC appeared in the blood circulation during the first 3–4 days. About 40%–70% of the 125I-albumin injected left the eye within 24 h, as compared to 15%–25% in phakic rabbits. Thus, a vitrectomy in phakic eyes does not lead to anterior drainage of intact RBC and even after combined vitrectomy and phakectomy, the drainage of RBC is not complete; the elimination of albumin is greatly enhanced after vitrectomy.

P. Algvere

A. Bill

Effects of vitrectomy and phakectomy on the drainage of the vitreous compartment

玻璃体切除术和晶状体切除术对玻璃体腔引流的影响

Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol®, Roche, Basel, Switzerland), which is similar to chloroquine, has an affinity to melanin in retinal cells. However, in contrast to chloroquine, it does not induce structural alterations in these cells or in adjacent tissues of pigmented mice and cats even after treatment for 6 and 12 months with respectively, 2000-times (mice) or 130-times (cats) the effective human daily dose. Treatment with chloroquine (with a dose similar to that used in human anti-rheumatic therapy) over the same period, resulted in the appearance of numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies in the retinal ganglion cells of mice and cats. In addition, in cats, an augmentation of lysosomal structures in the pigment epithelium, chiefly in the melanin-free region, and destruction of the tapetal cells were observed. Moreover, the pigment epithelium with the highest concentration of melanin was unaffected in mice and only slightly affected in cats. It was concluded that the retinotoxic effect of chloroquine is not the result of its affinity to melanincontaining tissues. Consequently, the affinity to melanin-containing cells per se is not sufficient to class a substance as potentially harmful to vision.

H. Kuhn

P. Keller

E. Kov�cs

A. Steiger

Lack of correlation between melanin affinity and retinopathy in mice and cats treated with chloroquine or flunitrazepam

氯喹或氟硝西泮处理的小鼠和猫中黑色素亲和力与视网膜病变缺乏相关性

The possible roles of prostaglandins and a neural pathway in the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the rabbit eye after cyclocryocoagulation were studied. Both the preoperative IV administration of the prostaglandin inhibitor acetylsalicylic acid and the application of retrobulbar and topical anesthesia reduced IOP and decreased breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier, as measured by protein in the aqueous humour. These results imply that the acute response of the animal eye to cyclocryocoagulation is mediated partly by prostaglandins and partly by a neural component resistent an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. When administered together, acetylsalicylic acid and ocular anesthesia yielded a further reduction in postoperative reactions and protein concentrations in the aqueous humour, but were unable to abolish the ocular response completely. The dual ocular mediation to cyclocryocoagulation is apparently due to the combined thermal and mechanical injury caused to ocular structures which synthesize prostaglandins and receive sensory innervation from the trigeminal nerve. The considerable breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier in cyclocryocoagulation allows leakage of different molecular weight proteins, in equal ratio, into the aqueous humour.

R. Haddad

G. Grabner

G. Strasser

F. Braun

Mediation of the ocular response to cyclocryocoagulation

眼对循环冷冻凝固反应的介导

The importance of the present reinvestigation of the three-dimensional structure of lens fibers in the rabbit is that it has shown the presence of all types of membrane specializations described before in one single lens of one species, the restricted distribution of some specializations, and the conformational changes within one fiber. Interlocking protrusions are present throughout the whole lens and must be considered as the main anchoring processes in the rabbit. Ball- and-socket junctions are present in restricted regions and can be considered as additional anchoring processes. Undulations of the apical and lateral edges of the hexagonal fibers and folds and bends of the lateral surface have a limited distribution. It is postulated that they may play a role in lens changes during accommodation.

B. Willekens

G. Vrensen

The three-dimensional organization of lens fibers in the rabbit

兔眼中晶状纤维的三维结构

One hundred pigmented rabbit eyes and ten primate eyes were exposed to infrared (IR) radiation in the 715 to 1,400 nm wavelength range and to the full spectrum output from a 5,000 W Xenon high-pressure source. The ocular exposures were evaluated independently with a slitlamp by two researchers and classified for ocular damage. The primary ocular lesions resulting from exposure to IR radiation were corneal, iritic, and lenticular. Corneal damage varied from epithelial haze to epithelial erosion but no endothelial damage was found. The iris showed stromal haze and swelling. Lenticular changes showed small white dots that, occur at the level of the anterior cortex. All lens damage depended on iris involvement. Ocular damage was related to the rate of delivery of the IR radiation since the data show that as the irradiance level increases, the radiant exposure threshold decreases. Exposures for the full spectrum were found to be additive for irradiance levels at 4 W.cm-2 and above. The threshold radiant exposures for the full spectrum of 750 J.cm-2 for the cornea, 1,000 J.cm-2 for the iris, and 2,000 J.cm-2 for the lens were essentially identical to the IR exposure thresholds for the same irradiance levels. The primate threshold radiant exposure was a factor of six above the respective rabbit thresholds.

Donald G. Pitts

Anthony P. Cullen

Determination of infrared radiation levels for acute ocular cataractogenesis

急性眼晶状体形成红外辐射水平测定

The effects of vitreous hemorrhages on anterior uveal vessels were studied. Albino rabbits were injected intravitreally with autogenous blood, plasma, RBCs, iron-dextrin, or Ringer's solution. The vascular permeability was assessed by fluorescein iris angiography, carbon labeling and penetration of peroxidase. Following one injection of blood, aqueous flare and fluorescein leakage from the iris were observed for 40 days. Intense vascular carbon labeling in iridial and ciliary processes was present for 1–40 days and weak-to-moderate labeling in the iris for 9–40 days. Repeated blood injections aggravated the vascular response, showing extravasation of peroxidase and carbon labeling of iridial vessels for 92 days. The most severe vascular damage ensued from iron-dextrin and RBCs. Plasma and Ringer's solution gave no reaction. The authors suggest that the iron-containing degradation products of RBCs induce vascular damage in anterior uvea and disruption of blood-aqueous barriers.

V. Jonsson

B. Svedbergh

Vascular damage in the anterior uvea induced by intravitreal autogenous blood

玻璃体内自体血引起的眼前段血管损伤

Two male infants with congenital hereditary retinoschisis are presented. The disease was detected when they were 11 and 20 months old, respectively, and they were followed up during the subsequent months. Initially, they both revealed a tremendously elevated retinoschisis lesion in both equatorial and peripheral retina, which was associated with foveal retinoschisis. The peripheral ballooning retinoschisis regressed gradually in the following months, and a relatively flat retinoschisis was left. It was proposed that the early stage of the disease is characterized by a bullous retinoschisis followed by its spontaneous regression during the first several years of life. A survey of the literature favors our view.

K. Kawano

K. Tanaka

F. Murakami

N. Ohba

Congenital hereditary retinoschisis: Evolution at the initial stage

先天性遗传性视网膜劈裂症：初期演变

Replacement of the corneal endothelium by a monolayer of melanocytes is reported in typical association with earlier surgery and glaucoma. The melanocytes have adjusted to the new location and there are signs that they may have taken on some of the functions of the missing endothelium. The possibility of future use of planned seeding of melanocytes in cases with failing endothelium is considered.

J. Reimer Wolter

Replacement of the corneal endothelium by melanocytes

角膜内皮由黑素细胞替代

Bei 8 patienten mit klinisch gesichertem Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-Syndrom (VKHS) wurden immunologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Es wurde geprüft, ob Hinweise auf abgelaufene oder bestehende Infekte (Masern HHT, KBR, Röteln HHT, Hepatitis HB2-Antigen, Adenovirus AG, Varizellen-Zoster KBR, Mumps KBR, Herbes simplex KBR, Zytomegalie IgM und IgG, Toxoplasmose-Immunofluoreszenz, Tbc Middlebr. Dubois) bestanden. HLA B12 war in keinem Fall nachweisbar. Die Rheumateste, LDH, Albumin, Elektrophorese, Coeruloplasmin und Haptoglobin waren unauffällig. Der Leukozyten-Migrations-Hemmtest und der Leukozyten-Adhärenz-Inhibitionstest mit UveaAntigen gaben keinen Hinweis auf eine gesteigerte immunologische Reaktion gegen Uvea-Gewebe.

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Verlag，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1964，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie

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