American Orthoptic Journal

Natalie Kerr

Laurie Hahn-Parrott

Introduction

引言

Am Orthopt J

Editorial

社论

James D. Reynolds

Retinal Pharmacotherapeutics

视网膜药物治疗

Most strabismus specialists use bifocals for patients with convergence excess esotropia whose distance deviation is small. While this is a popular treatment modality, there is actually no good data to indicate that this should be considered a standard of care.In patients for whom the distance deviation is small enough to allow for the development of binocular vision, my preference is to simply observe these patients. Most will improve with time. For those who do not, or who decompensate, surgery may be indicated.A careful review of the literature shows a lack of evidence to suggest that bifocals provide an effective treatment for this problem. Some data and theoretical concern may raise a concern over their use. Time and observation may be all that is necessary. There may be a role for surgical correction in these patients as well.While there are theoretical advantages to the use of bifocals in patients with convergence excess esotropia, current data does not support the actual need for active treatment of these patients.

Scott E. Olitsky

High AC/A Ratio Esotropia: Do we Really Need to be Using Bifocals?

高AC/A比内斜视：我们真的需要使用双光眼镜吗？

AbstractJohann Friedrich Horner was a Swiss ophthalmologist who was the founder of modern ophthalmology in his country and who established the first academic department of ophthalmology at the University of Zürich (Figure 1).1–3He was widely published on a great number of medical topics, but is best known for his description of a triad of clinical findings that include unilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis, commonly referred to as Horner syndrome. Although Horner was not the first to describe these characteristics,4–7 he is recognized as the first to provide the detailed and scientifically supported description of the manifestations of this syndrome in humans and accurately interpreting the signs of sympathetic nerve damage.8,9KeywordsJohann Friedrich Hornerhistorical vignetteHorner syndromeBernard-Horner syndromeClaude Bernardptosismiosis and anhydrosisoculosympathetic paresis

Gill Roper-Hall

Historical Vignette: Johann Friedrich Horner (1831–1886): Swiss Ophthalmologist, Scientific Contributor, and Accomplished Academician

历史小品：约翰·弗里德里希·霍纳（1831-1886）：瑞士眼科医生、科学贡献者与杰出学者

Infantile nystagmus presents many challenges for clinicians when defining the characteristics, etiology, visual capabilities, and optimal visual aids for the affected individual. However, life beyond the office may present the greatest challenges from the point of view of the child and their family. Research related to the psychosocial implications and quality of life for these individuals, as well as information related to systems that support their educational and social development, are infrequent in the ophthalmic literature. The purpose of this report is to briefly outline our local pediatric ophthalmic approach for these patients, to present a limited review of applicable literature, and to introduce our regional support system that addresses educational and psychosocial challenges for children and families affected by infantile nystagmus syndrome.

Joan Parkinson

Assisting the Person with Nystagmus Beyond the Office: Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome

帮助眼球震颤患者走出办公室：婴儿眼球震颤综合征

The most common forms of nystagmus in infancy and childhood are Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (INS), Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus Syndrome (FMNS), and Spasmus Nutans Syndrome (SNS). This review will sumamrize the clinical and eye movement recording characteristics of these disorders, thus reinforcing the importance of eye movement technology in both the discoveries underlying pathophysiology and the guidance of clinical interventions.

Richard W. Hertle

Nystagmus in Infancy and Childhood: Clinical and Eye Movement Characteristics

婴儿和儿童的眼震：临床和眼球运动特征

Pediatric nystagmus may be the harbinger of systemic or neurologic disease with significant morbidity and potential mortality. This paper reviews pediatriconset nystagmus, which may be associated with systemic diseases such as spasmus nutans, opsoclonus/ocular flutter, downbeat nystagmus, convergence retraction nystagmus, and see-saw nystagmus. These unique forms of nystagmus may be indicative of life- or vision-threatening diseases; thus, their recognition will facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment, resulting in better outcomes.

Madhuri Chilakapati

Jane C. Edmond

The Red Flag: When Pediatric Nystagmus is a Harbinger of Life-Threatening Disease

红旗：当小儿眼球震颤预示着危及生命的疾病

出版信息	出版商: University of Wisconsin Press，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2009，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

American Orthoptic Journal

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Introduction

Editorial

Retinal Pharmacotherapeutics

High AC/A Ratio Esotropia: Do we Really Need to be Using Bifocals?

Historical Vignette: Johann Friedrich Horner (1831–1886): Swiss Ophthalmologist, Scientific Contributor, and Accomplished Academician

Editorial

Assisting the Person with Nystagmus Beyond the Office: Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome

Nystagmus in Infancy and Childhood: Clinical and Eye Movement Characteristics

Editorial

The Red Flag: When Pediatric Nystagmus is a Harbinger of Life-Threatening Disease