自 1973 年出版的《地球与行星科学年度回顾》涵盖了地球和行星科学所有领域的重大发展，从气候、环境和地质灾害到行星的形成和生命的进化。

The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences has been published since 1973, covering significant developments in all areas of Earth and planetary sciences, including climate change, environmental issues, geological hazards, planetary formation, and the evolution of life.

《Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences》自1973年出版，涵盖了地球与行星科学各个领域的重要进展，包括气候变化、环境问题、地质灾害、行星形成以及生命的演化等。

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

The late Paleozoic icehouse was the longest-lived ice age of the Phanerozoic, and its demise constitutes the only recorded turnover to a greenhouse state. This review summarizes evidence for the timing, extent, and behavior of continental ice on Pangea in addition to the climate and ecosystem response to repeated transitions between glacial and interglacial conditions. Combined empirical and climate modeling studies argue for a dynamic ice age characterized by discrete periods of glaciation separated by periods of ice contraction during intermittent warmings, moderate-size ice sheets emanating from multiple ice centers throughout southern Gondwana, possible glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere, and atmospheric CO 2 as a primary driver of both ice sheet and climate variability. The glacioeustatic response to fluctuations of these smaller ice sheets was likely less extreme than previously suggested. Modeling studies, stratigraphic relationships, and changes in both the geographic patterns and community compositions of marine fauna and terrestrial flora indicate the potential for strong responses to high-latitude glacial conditions in both ocean circulation and low-latitude climate. The forcings and feedbacks of these linkages, as well as existing climate paradoxes, define research targets for future studies of the late Paleozoic.

Isabel P. Montañez

Christopher J. Poulsen

The Late Paleozoic Ice Age: An Evolving Paradigm

晚古生代冰期：一个不断演变的范式

▪ Abstract Changes of the isotopic composition of water within the water cycle provide a recognizable signature, relating such water to the different phases of the cycle. The isotope fractionations that accompany the evaporation from the ocean and other surface waters and the reverse process of rain formation account for the most notable changes. As a result, meteoric waters are depleted in the heavy isotopic species of H and O relative to ocean waters, whereas waters in evaporative systems such as lakes, plants, and soilwaters are relatively enriched. During the passage through the aquifers, the isotope composition of water is essentially a conservative property at ambient temperatures, but at elevated temperatures, interaction with the rock matrix may perturb the isotope composition. These changes of the isotope composition in atmospheric waters, surface water, soil, and groundwaters, as well as in the biosphere, are applied in the characterization of hydrological system as well as indicators of paleo-climatological conditions in proxy materials in climatic archives, such as ice, lake sediments, or organic materials.

J. R. Gat

OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN ISOTOPES IN THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

水文循环中的氧和氢同位素

Brachiopods are (perhaps all too) familiar to any geology student who has taken an invertebrate paleontology course; they may well be less familiar to biology students. Even though brachiopods are among the most significant components of the marine fossil ...Read More

J. Oro

Stanley L. Miller

Antonio Lazcano

THE ORIGIN AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH

地球上生命的起源与早期演化

As a field geologist, I have been involved in the overwhelming excitement of three scientific revolutions—a mini revolution in structural geology, the impact-extinction revolution that freed geology from uncompromising uniformitarianism, and the plate tectonic revolution that turned the routine field of geology into one of the most exciting and essential sciences of the present time. I have also worked across several discipline boundaries, an activity I call scientific trespassing. My career has unfolded in such unexpected ways that, like anyone's life and like the history of our planet, it can only be seen as a most improbable journey. A focus on these three concepts and on the history of geology (a traditional name used here for all the Earth sciences) leads to the understanding that geology was once the crown jewel of sciences, and that after a century of necessary but routine geologic mapping, geology now needs to resume its crown jewel role because the understanding and care of our planet is becoming humanity's most urgent task.

Walter Álvarez

Geology: The Once and Future Crown Jewel of Science?

地质学：曾经的科学皇冠之珠，未来又将如何？

Stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen have been applied to water cycle research for over 60 years. Over the past two decades, however, new data, data compilations, and quantitative methods have supported the application of isotopic data to address large-scale water cycle problems. Recent results have demonstrated the impact of climate variation on atmospheric water cycling, provided constraints on continental- to global-scale land-atmosphere water vapor fluxes, revealed biases in the sources of runoff in hydrological models, and illustrated regional patterns of water use and management by people. In the past decade, global isotopic observations have spurred new debate over the role of soils in the water cycle, with potential to impact both ecological and hydrological theory. Many components of the water cycle remain underrepresented in isotopic databases. Increasing accessibility of analyses and improved platforms for data sharing will refine and grow the breadth of these contributions in the future. ▪ Isotope ratios in water integrate information on hydrological processes over scales from cities to the globe. ▪ Tracing water with isotopes helps reveal the processes that govern variability in the water cycle and may govern future global changes. ▪ Improvements in instrumentation, data sharing, and quantitative analysis have advanced isotopic water cycle science over the past 20 years.

Gabriel J. Bowen

Zhongyin Cai

Richard P. Fiorella

Annie L. Putman

Isotopes in the Water Cycle: Regional- to Global-Scale Patterns and Applications

水循环中的同位素：区域至全球尺度的模式与应用

For most of Earth's history life was microbial, with archaeal and bacterial cells mediating biogeochemical cycles through their metabolisms and ecologies. This diversity was sufficient to maintain a habitable planet across dramatic environmental transitions during the Archean and Proterozoic Eons. However, our knowledge of the first 3 billion years of the biosphere pales in comparison to the rich narrative of complex life documented through the Phanerozoic geological record. In this review, we attempt to lay out a microbial natural history framework that highlights recent and ongoing research unifying microbiology, geochemistry, and traditional organismal evolutionary biology, and we propose six broadly applicable principles to aid in these endeavors. In this way, the evolutionary history of microbial life—once considered only a prelude to the much more storied history of complex metazoan life in the Phanerozoic—is finally coming into its own. ▪The outlines of microbial natural history are now starting to appear through the integration of genomic and geological records.▪Microorganisms drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles, and their natural history reflects a coevolution with the planet.▪Past environmental changes have induced microbial biotic transitions, marked by extinction, taxonomic shifts, and new metabolisms and ecologies.▪Microbial evolution can benefit from a historical perspective of processes and successions as established by macropaleontology.

Cara Magnabosco

Fatima Husain

Madeline M. Paoletti

Chris Parsons

Jack G. Payette

Sarah L. Schwartz

Erik Tamre

Gregory P. Fournier

Toward a Natural History of Microbial Life

微生物生命的自然史研究

Readers will be led down a random path from continental dynamics to paleoclimate. A key to understanding continental dynamics is recognizing that differences in gravitational potential energy per unit area between high and low terrain govern much of large-scale continental deformation. Removal of mantle lithosphere, not just crustal thickening, plays a crucial, but difficult-to-test, role in changes in surface elevation. Although measuring past surface heights remains a challenge, indications of such processes suggest that surface uplift associated with such removal can affect relative plate motion. Climate change, from a warmer to cooler climate, and associated changes in erosion and sedimentation introduce further complications to determining past elevations. The phenomena that led to such cooling include a number of possibilities, but I favor the emergence of islands in the Maritime continent, which transformed the Pacific Ocean from one with a warm eastern tropical Pacific, as during El Niño events, to the present-day La Niña–like background state. Teleconnections from the eastern tropical Pacific to Canada affect the duration of summers and the potential of high-latitude ice to accumulate. ▪Lateral gradients in gravitational potential energy per unit area (GPE), a force per unit length, govern large-scale continental dynamics.▪Removal of mantle lithosphere and thickening of crust raise GPE; knowledge of mean surface elevations provides a test of these processes.▪Climate change from a warmer to cooler climate and from one with less to more erosion can give the false impression of elevation change.▪Emergence of Indonesian islands, more rain over them, a stronger Walker Circulation, and cooler eastern Pacific may have led to ice ages.

Peter Molnar

Autobiography: A 50-Year Quest for Understanding in Geoscience

自传：地球科学领域50年探索理解的历程

Determining the composition of Earth's lower mantle, which constitutes almost half of its total volume, has been a central goal in the Earth sciences for more than a century given the constraints it places on Earth's origin and evolution. However, whether the major element chemistry of the lower mantle, in the form of, e.g., Mg/Si ratio, is similar to or different from the upper mantle remains debated. Here we use a multidisciplinary approach to address the question of the composition of Earth's lower mantle and, in turn, that of bulk silicate Earth (crust and mantle) by considering the evidence provided by geochemistry, geophysics, mineral physics, and geodynamics. Geochemical and geodynamical evidence largely agrees, indicating a lower-mantle molar Mg/Si of ≥1.12 (≥1.15 for bulk silicate Earth), consistent with the rock record and accumulating evidence for whole-mantle stirring. However, mineral physics–informed profiles of seismic properties, based on a lower mantle made of bridgmanite and ferropericlase, point to Mg/Si ∼ 0.9–1.0 when compared with radial seismic reference models. This highlights the importance of considering the presence of additional minerals (e.g., calcium-perovskite and stishovite) and possibly suggests a lower mantle varying compositionally with depth. In closing, we discuss how we can improve our understanding of lower-mantle and bulk silicate Earth composition, including its impact on the light element budget of the core. ▪The chemical composition of Earth's lower mantle is indispensable for understanding its origin and evolution.▪Earth's lower-mantle composition is reviewed from an integrated mineral physics, geophysical, geochemical, and geodynamical perspective.▪A lower-mantle molar Mg/Si of ≥1.12 is favored but not unique.▪New experiments investigating compositional effects of bridgmanite and ferropericlase elasticity are needed to further our insight.

短名	Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.
Journal Impact	11.45
国际分区	GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q1)
期刊索引	SCI Q1中科院 1 区

ISSN	0084-6597, 1545-4495
h-index	178
国内分区	地球科学(1区)地球科学天文与天体物理(1区)地球科学地球科学综合(1区)

涉及主题	地质学生物物理古生物学地球化学地震学地理地球科学天体生物学化学工程类生态学地球物理学天文海洋学构造学地貌学量子力学
出版信息	出版商: Annual Reviews Inc.，出版周期: Annual，期刊类型: book-series，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1978，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:0.90%， Gold OA占比: 41.10%
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：约稿?周期不定
平均录用比例	网友分享经验：约稿形式

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

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The Late Paleozoic Ice Age: An Evolving Paradigm

OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN ISOTOPES IN THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

THE ORIGIN AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH

Geology: The Once and Future Crown Jewel of Science?

Isotopes in the Water Cycle: Regional- to Global-Scale Patterns and Applications

Geology: The Once and Future Crown Jewel of Science?

Toward a Natural History of Microbial Life

Autobiography: A 50-Year Quest for Understanding in Geoscience

The Composition of Earth's Lower Mantle

Introduction