THERIOGENOLOGY 为动物生殖生物学的研究人员、临床医生和行业专业人士提供了一个国际论坛。这本备受赞誉的期刊发表的文章涉及生殖和发育生物学、家养哺乳动物、鸟类和水生物种以及作为研究或保护计划中兽医护理对象的野生物种的广泛主题。

Theriogenology is an international forum for researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals in the field of animal reproductive biology. This highly regarded journal publishes articles covering a wide range of topics including reproductive and developmental biology, domestic mammals, avian and aquatic species, as well as wild species that are subjects of veterinary care in research or conservation programs.

《Theriogenology》是一个国际性论坛，专为动物生殖生物学的研究人员、临床医生和行业专业人士而设。这本备受赞誉的期刊发表的文章涵盖了生殖与发育生物学、家养哺乳动物、鸟类和水生物种，以及作为研究或保护计划中兽医护理对象的野生物种等广泛主题。

Theriogenology

Inflammatory conditions of the uterus, collectively known as endometritis, can be classified as acute, chronic, active, or subclinical. This condition causes substantial reductions in mare fertility. To diagnose and treat mares with endometrial inflammation, it is imperative to identify predisposing factors and challenges to the reproductive tract of the mare in a chronological order; these factors change from those of the young maiden filly to the older, multiparous broodmare. This paper addresses predisposing factors, diagnostic procedures and therapy strategies for different mare groups.

John P Hurtgen

Pathogenesis and treatment of endometritis in the mare: a review.

母马子宫内膜炎的发病机制与治疗：综述

Chlamydiae infect male genital organs of ruminants. However, little is known about their prevalence. Hence, we investigated fresh and cryopreserved semen (bulls: n=304; rams: n=78; bucks: n=44) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as genital organs (bulls: n=13; rams: n=10; bucks: n=6) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR. Sera from bulls (n=104) and small ruminants (n=61) were tested by LPS and rMOMP (recombinant major outer membrane protein) ELISA and competitive ELISA (cELISA), respectively. Three PCR assays were compared in this study for detection of chlamydial DNA in semen: 16S rRNA, IGS-S (intergenic spacer 16S/23S-short), and IGS-L (intergenic spacer 16S/23S-long) PCRs. PCR sensitivity and inhibitory effects were determined by spiking semen with Chlamydophila (Cp.) abortus DNA. In bull semen, detection limits of the 16S, IGS-S and IGS-L PCRs were 10, 10, 100 templates, respectively. However, PCR sensitivity was reduced in ram and buck semen suggesting the presence of potential PCR inhibitors. Of 304 bull semen samples, the 16S PCR revealed DNA of chlamydiae in 20 samples (6.6%), including Cp. abortus (n=2), Cp. psittaci (n=1), Chlamydia suis (n=2), and Chlamydia-like organisms (n=15). In rams, one semen sample was positive for Chlamydia-like organism. All investigated male genital organs were negative for Chlamydia. Serology revealed 47.1% (49/104) positive bulls by LPS ELISA. Of these, 30 samples were positive by rMOMP ELISA, predominantly for Cp. pecorum. In small ruminants, cELISA displayed 34.8% (16/46) and 60% (9/15) positivity for Cp. abortus in rams and bucks, respectively. There was no correlation between serology and PCR of semen. The presence of chlamydiae in semen suggests the possibility of venereal transmission, although risk may be low in Switzerland.

K Teankum

A Pospischil

F Janett

E Brugnera

L E Hoelzle

K Hoelzle

R Weilenmann

D R Zimmermann

A Gerber

A Polkinghorne

N Borel

Prevalence of chlamydiae in semen and genital tracts of bulls, rams and bucks.

牛、羊和鹿精液及生殖道中衣原体的流行情况。

The present study was conducted in cattle to test the null hypothesis that the pregnancy rate of recipient females is similar when in vitro-derived embryos are transferred either fresh (non-vitrified) or after being subjected to vitrification. Cumulus-oocyte complexes, collected twice (6 weeks apart) from 10 donor cows were matured in vitro and inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm from a single proven bull per donor collection. Cleaved embryos were cultured in vitro until day 7 and any resulting blastocysts were graded for stage [early (unexpanded), advanced (expanded, hatching, hatched)] and/or quality and either discarded (poor quality), or, if deemed suitable, transferred fresh or vitrified for later warming and transfer. All blastocysts were transferred singly to oestrus-synchronized cows and pregnancy monitored by transrectal palpation on days 35, 60 and 90. From 20 collections, 818 cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated; however, after grading, only 462 (56.5%) were ranked as suitable quality for maturation and insemination. From those 462 complexes inseminated, 363 (78.6%) cleaved during the process and 243 (52.6%) developed to the blastocyst stage with 194 (42.0%) deemed utilizable, of which 85 were vitrified and 109 were transferred fresh. There was a median of 13 (range 0-24) utilizable blastocysts per cow. Of the 109 non-vitrified blastocysts transferred, there were 45 (41.3%) and 41 (37.6%) recipients that were detected to be pregnant on day 35 and day 90, respectively, subsequent to transfer. Thus, an 8.9% abortion rate was observed (4/45). Of the 85 transferred vitrified-warmed blastocysts, 34 were detected to be pregnant (40.0%) on day 35 following transfer, and all pregnancies were maintained at day 90 (0% abortion rate), which was similar to non-vitrified transfers (P > 0.05, Chi-square test). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate on day 90 in advanced compared to early blastocysts for either the non-vitrified transfers (9/23, 39.1% vs 33/86, 38.3%) or the vitrified transfers (30/72, 41.6% vs 4/13, 30.8%) (P > 0.05 in each case). In summary, these data show that vitrification of in vitro-derived early and advanced blastocysts is a suitable method of cryopreservation of bovine embryos, and, furthermore, that subsequent transfer of all vitrified/warmed blastocysts into recipient females results in pregnancy rates no different to those attained by non-vitrified transfers into recipient females.

Van Huong Do

Sally Catt

German Amaya

Madeline Batsiokis

Simon Walton

Andrew W Taylor-Robinson

Comparison of pregnancy in cattle when non-vitrified and vitrified in vitro-derived embryos are transferred into recipients.

非玻璃化和玻璃化体外衍生胚胎移植受体牛妊娠效果比较。

Grape seed tannin extract (GPE) from wine grape pomace has many effective anti-oxidative effects and is used as a promising natural feed additive in the animal feed industry. This study investigated the effect of GPE as a source of tannin on the antioxidant capacity and testis development in Hu lambs. Twenty-seven 3-month-old ram lambs were randomly assigned to three groups. For each treatment group, nine lambs were allocated to nine pens (one lamb per pen). The lambs in the control group were fed a control diet without GPE for 61 days from D21 to D80. Group I (TAN1) was fed with 0.36% GPE diet, and Group II (TAN2) was fed with 0.72% GPE diet. After an 81-day feeding trial, all lambs except the heaviest and lightest in each group were humanely slaughtered and investigated. Results showed that feeding GPE did not affect the body weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake, scrotal circumference, and testis index. Meanwhile, feeding with 0.36% GPE diet increased testis weight, testis volume, and epididymis weight (P ≤ 0.05) compared with those of the control, but no difference was found between TAN1 and TAN2 groups. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD), steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), elongation of very long chain fatty acid protein 2 (ELOVL2), fatty acid desaturase (FADS2), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA in TAN1 and TAN2 groups were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). GPE also markedly increased the antioxidant status of testis. Compared with the control group, the treatment groups showed significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (314.23 ± 18.64 U/mg prot in control, 505.22 ± 63.47 U/mg prot in TAN1 and 587.88 ± 55.94 U/mg prot in TAN2, P < 0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (98.23 ± 18.99 U/g prot in control, 202.15 ± 34.19 U/g prot in TAN1 and 189.57 ± 18.95 U/g prot in TAN2, P < 0.05). Consuming 0.72% GPE also changed the fatty acid profiles in testis with increased C15:1, C22:6n3, and total n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.05) but decreased C22:5n3 (P < 0.05). Therefore, feeding lambs with GPE stimulated testis seminiferous tubule development and increased the number of Sertoli cells (10.56 ± 0.44 in control, 14.10 ± 0.57 in TAN1 and 13.60 ± 0.42, P < 0.05), and seminiferous tubule diameter (109.30 ± 4.56 μm in control, 164.49 ± 5.37 μm in TAN1 and 146.56 ± 4.53 μm in TAN2, P < 0.05). These results suggested that feeding GPE in the early reproductive development stage of lambs upregulated the expression of antioxidative, steroidogenesis, and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism-related genes, changed the fatty acid profiles, increased the antioxidant capacity in lamb's testis, and contributed to testis development and spermatogenesis.

Wanhong Li

Rongyu Yao

Lixia Xie

Jiamei Liu

Xiuxiu Weng

Xiangpeng Yue

Fadi Li

Dietary supplementation of grape seed tannin extract stimulated testis development, changed fatty acid profiles and increased testis antioxidant capacity in pre-puberty hu lambs

葡萄籽单宁提取物膳食补充促进未成年湖羊睾丸发育、改变脂肪酸组成并提高睾丸抗氧化能力

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) during the peripartal period and early lactation on mRNA gene expression profiles of uterine cytological smear and endometrial samples of Holstein cows (n = 20). Treatments consisted of a supplementation with RPM [MET; n = 11; RPM at a rate of 0.08 % of DM: Lys:Met = 2.8:1, (Smartamine® M Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA, USA)] and no supplementation (CON; n = 9; Lys:Met = 3.5:1). Uterine cytology smears and endometrial samples were collected at 15, 30, and 73 days in milk (DIM) and analyzed for expression of genes related with metabolism, inflammation, and methionine metabolism. Regarding the cytological smear samples, RPM supplementation tended to increase mRNA expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1 alpha (MAT1A) and increased the mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), with an effect of time for the latter. On the other hand, RPM decreased mRNA expression for glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), prostaglandin E synthase 3 (PTGES3), translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), mucin 1 (MUC1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in cytological smear samples. There was an effect of time for all variables except MAT1A, with decreasing expression over time. There was a TRT × TIME interaction for GLUT4 mRNA expression, with higher GLUT4 mRNA expression for cows fed CON than for cows fed RPM at time 15 and a tendency to higher expression for cows fed CON on time 30 when compared with cows fed RPM. For uterine tissue samples, feeding RPM increased the mRNA expression of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (SAAH), FGF7, GLUT4, and apolipoproteins 3 (APOL3), with an effect of time for APOL3 where its expression increased over time. There was a tendency for cows fed RPM to have decreased IL1β mRNA expression. In conclusion, feeding RPM during transition period and early lactation is beneficial for uterine immune response and metabolism in early lactation as indicated by the favorable expressions of genes affecting the uterine immunometabolism during such a challenging period.

A.R. Guadagnin

D.A. Velasco-Acosta

S.L. Stella

D. Luchini

F.C. Cardoso

Methionine supply during the peripartum period and early lactation alter immunometabolic gene expression in cytological smear and endometrial tissue of holstein cows

围产期和泌乳早期蛋氨酸供应改变荷斯坦牛细胞学涂片和子宫内膜组织中免疫代谢基因表达

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural antioxidant, plays a vital role in modulating sperm function, yet its protective impact on boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 4 °C remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of EGCG on boar semen preservation, and elucidate the potential mechanism. Multiple parameters including sperm quality, anti-oxidative status, protein phosphorylation levels, membrane receptor and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signaling pathways were analyzed using computer-assisted semen analysis system, Western blot and molecular docking techniques. Results revealed that supplementation with EGCG, particularly with 10 μg/mL, significantly increased sperm motility, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP content. Moreover, EGCG enhanced the antioxidant defenses of sperm through eliminating excessive reactive oxygen species. Intriguingly, the antioxidant property of EGCG partly prevented protein dephosphorylation, thereby indirectly enhancing protein phosphorylation. Additionally, the dopamine receptor (DRD2) was detected in boar spermatozoa and inhibition of DRD2 greatly prevented EGCG-caused enhancement of protein phosphorylation levels and sperm motility, suggesting the role of DRD2 in regulation of the beneficial effects of EGCG. Molecular docking results indicated that EGCG has favorable binding interactions with the active sites of DRD2, involving crucial hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, further suggesting that EGCG might directly interact with DRD2, mediate protein phosphorylation via activating the DRD2/cAMP/PKA pathway and thus boost sperm motility. The present study is the first to explore the interacting cell-surface receptor of EGCG on boar sperm and provides comprehensive insights into the protective mechanism of EGCG during hypothermic liquid storage.

Lirui Wang

Manyi Xiong

Sisi Li

Sheng Ma

Shengyao Jiang

Haolei Wang

Jian Zhang

Xinhong Li

Beneficial effects of EGCG on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 4 °C are mediated by DRD2 receptor

EGCG通过DRD2受体介导对4°C液态储存期间公猪精子质量的有益影响

Oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs), such as BMP15 and GDF9, are soluble paracrine factors that drive cumulus cell differentiation and function, sustaining oocyte competence acquisition and embryo development. This study aimed to assess the effect of BMP15 and GDF9 on IVM medium of prepubertal goat oocytes. COCs were in vitro matured in absence (control group) or presence of 100 ng/mL of BMP15, GDF9, or both. To determine cumulus-oocyte communication, transzonal projections (TZP) density at 0h, 6h, 12h and 24h of IVM were evaluated. After IVM, mitochondrial activity, intracellular ROS and glutathione (GSH) levels, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in oocytes and cumulus cells, and cumulus expansion were assessed. Blastocyst production and quality were evaluated after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and IVF. IVM supplementation with BMP15 increased the TZP density during the first 6 h of culture. After IVM, BMP15 increased mitochondrial activity, EGFR expression in oocytes and cumulus cells, and cumulus expansion compared to control, but ROS and GSH levels were similar to control. BMP15 improved blastocyst production following PA (15.5 % vs 6.3 %) and the number of cells in the blastocyst inner cell mass. No differences were observed on blastocyst production or quality following IVF. IVM supplementation with GDF9 did not improve results from control group in any parameters studied. Additionally, GDF9 in combination with BMP15 only improved mitochondrial activity and cumulus expansion over control. In conclusion, IVM medium supplementation with BMP15 (100 ng/ml) improves COCs quality parameters and PA-blastocyst production and quality of prepubertal goat oocytes. However, GDF9 (100 ng/mL) did not have any beneficial effect in this study and was possibly antagonistic to BMP15.

Mònica Ferrer-Roda

Maria-Teresa Paramio

Judith Vila-Beltrán

Dolors Izquierdo

Effect of BMP15 and GDF9 in the IVM medium on subsequent oocyte competence and embryo development of prepubertal goats

BMP15和GDF9在体外成熟培养基中对青春期前山羊卵母细胞能力及胚胎发育的影响

Energy metabolism homeostasis is essential for oocyte maturation and acquisition of developmental capacity. However, bovine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is highly susceptible to metabolic stress and lipid accumulation. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a metabolite produced in response to skeletal muscle exercise, has been reported to be involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as inflammation and oxidative stress. This work aimed to evaluate the potential effects of BAIBA on bovine oocyte IVM and its mechanisms. Different concentrations of BAIBA (10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 μmol/L) were supplemented to bovine oocyte IVM medium. Results shown the BAIBA (50 μmol/L) had no effect on the extrusion rate of the first polar body of oocytes but significantly improved the subsequent blastocyst formation rate and embryo quality. Further revealed that supplementing BAIBA significantly up-regulated expression levels of genes to fatty acid β-oxidation metabolism (CPT1A, CPT1B and CPT2), promoted lipid metabolism, lowered lipid content, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential and active mitochondria content. Importantly, BAIBA stimulation significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); and the inhibition of AMPK activity (Compound C, AMPK inhibitor) suppressed the ability of BAIBA to promote lipid metabolism in oocytes. Besides, inhibition of AMPK lowered the oocyte maturation rate and the subsequent zygote cleavage and blastocyst formation rate when compared to that of the BAIBA treatment. The results indicated that BAIBA was mainly involved in promoting lipid catabolism by activation of AMPK, consequently enhancing oocyte development potential.

Canqiang Lu

Zhengda Li

Fan Xia

Ruru Jia

Yun Wang

Yuwei Bai

Chunye Wei

Yanyu Chen

Mingzhe Lu

Deshun Shi

Fenghua Lu

Beta-aminoisobutyric acid improves bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development by promoting lipid catabolism

β-氨基异丁酸通过促进脂质分解代谢改善牛卵母细胞成熟及后续胚胎发育

Hai Thanh Nguyen

Son Quang Do

Takuya Wakai

Hiroaki Funahashi

Mitochondrial content and mtDNA copy number in spermatozoa and penetrability into oocytes

精子线粒体含量及mtDNA拷贝数与卵母细胞穿透能力

During cryopreservation, spermatozoa produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which attack the plasma membrane, disrupt the physiological structure of the sperm, and ultimately decrease semen quality. This study investigated the effects of different N-acetylcysteine (NAC) concentrations on the cryopreservation of semen from Qianbei Ma goats. Semen samples were collected from five bucks with motility rates above 80 %. The treatment groups were diluted 20-fold in extenders containing 3 or 9 mM NAC and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, whereas the control group did not include NAC. After thawing, the sperm motility, antioxidant gene expression, enzyme activity, and cell structure were analysed. The NAC-treated groups showed improved post-thaw sperm motility. The 9 mM NAC group presented the highest catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase activities, lowest ROS levels, and fewest apoptotic sperms. Moreover, the 3 mM NAC group presented the highest superoxide dismutase activity and L-cysteine levels and the lowest malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, sperm membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly higher in the NAC-treated group than that in the control. Further analysis of antioxidant and apoptotic gene expression in the treated sperm revealed that the 9 mM NAC group presented significantly greater CAT and GPX4 expression than the control and 3 mM NAC groups, whereas the apoptotic genes BAX and Caspase3 were elevated in the control group compared to both the NAC groups. In summary, adding NAC to semen extenders enhanced antioxidant gene expression, increased enzyme activity, and improved post-thaw semen quality, with the 9 mM NAC treatment showing the optimal effects.

Xiaodong Wang

Jinhong Luo

Maosheng Cao

Yonghong Ju

Qingmeng Long

Rong Yang

Quan Ji

Guangbin Zhou

Junwei Zhang

Ruiyang Li

Xiang Chen

Effects of different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine on the sperm quality, antioxidant enzyme activity, and antioxidant gene expression of cryopreserved goat semen

不同浓度N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冷冻保存山羊精液精子质量、抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化基因表达的影响

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	2.48
Quartiles(Global)	VETERINARY SCIENCES(Q1)

ISSN	0093-691X, 1879-3231
h-index	148
Top Journals	Yes

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier Inc.，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1974，Proportion of original research papers: 99.02%，Self Citation Rate:12.50%， Gold OA Rate: 15.78%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较快,4-8周来源Elsevier官网：平均15.8周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易来源Elsevier官网：52%

Theriogenology

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