跨学科期刊《大脑与语言》发表的文章阐明了语言、大脑和行为之间的复杂关系。该杂志涵盖了认知神经科学中的各种现代技术，包括功能和结构脑成像、电生理学、细胞和分子神经生物学、遗传学、基于损伤的方法和计算建模。所有文章必须与人类语言相关，并与其神经生物学和神经认知基础的理解相关。该期刊上发表的文章预计将具有重要的理论新颖性和/或实际意义，并使用心理学、语言学和神经科学的观点和方法以及大脑数据和大脑测量。

Brain and Language is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes research articles elucidating the complex relationships among language, the brain, and behavior. The journal covers a variety of modern techniques in cognitive neuroscience, including functional and structural brain imaging, electrophysiology, cellular and molecular neurobiology, genetics, lesion-based approaches, and computational modeling. All articles must be relevant to human language and closely related to the understanding of its neurobiological and neurocognitive foundations. The research published in this journal is expected to have significant theoretical novelty and/or practical relevance, employing perspectives and methods from psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience, along with brain data and measurements.

《Brain and Language》是一本跨学科的期刊，发表关于语言、大脑和行为之间复杂关系的研究文章。该期刊涵盖了认知神经科学中的多种现代技术，包括功能和结构脑成像、电生理学、细胞和分子神经生物学、遗传学、损伤基础的方法以及计算建模。所有发表的文章必须与人类语言相关，并与其神经生物学和神经认知基础的理解密切相关。期刊上发表的研究预计具有重要的理论创新性和/或实际意义，并采用心理学、语言学和神经科学的视角和方法，以及脑数据和脑测量。

Brain and Language

Recent neuroimaging studies and neuropsychological data suggest that there are regions in posterior auditory cortex that participate both in speech perception and speech production. An outstanding question is whether the same neural regions support both perception and production or whether there exist discrete cortical fields subserving these functions. Previous neurophysiological studies suggest that there is indeed regional overlap between these systems, but those studies used a rehearsal task to assess production. The present study addressed this question in an event-related fMRI experiment in which subjects listened to speech and in separate trials, performed a covert object naming task. Single subject analysis revealed regions of coactivation for speech perception and production in the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), left area Spt (a region in the Sylvian fissure at the parietal-temporal boundary), and left inferior frontal gyrus. These results are consistent with lesion data and previous physiological data indicating that posterior auditory cortex plays a role in both reception and expression of speech. We discuss these findings within the context of a neuroanatomical framework that proposes these neural sites are a part of an auditory-motor integration system.

Kayoko Okada

Gregory Hickok

Brain and language

Brain Lang

Left posterior auditory-related cortices participate both in speech perception and speech production: Neural overlap revealed by fMRI.

左后听觉相关皮层参与言语感知和言语产生：fMRI揭示的神经重叠。

A primary focus within neuroimaging research on language comprehension is on the distribution of semantic knowledge in the brain. Studies have shown that the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (LPMT), a region just anterior to area MT/V5, is important for the processing of complex action knowledge. It has also been found that motion verbs cause activation in LPMT. In this experiment we investigated whether this effect could be replicated in a setting resembling real life language comprehension, i.e. without any overt behavioral task during passive listening to a story. During fMRI participants listened to a recording of the story "The Ugly Duckling". We incorporated a nuisance elimination regression approach for factoring out known nuisance variables both in terms of physiological noise, sound intensity, linguistic variables and emotional content. Compared to the remaining text, clauses containing motion verbs were accompanied by a robust activation of LPMT with no other significant effects, consistent with the hypothesis that this brain region is important for processing motion knowledge, even during naturalistic language comprehension conditions.

Mikkel Wallentin

Andreas Højlund Nielsen

Peter Vuust

Anders Dohn

Andreas Roepstorff

Torben Ellegaard Lund

BOLD response to motion verbs in left posterior middle temporal gyrus during story comprehension

故事理解过程中左侧后中颞回对运动动词的BOLD响应

Bilingualism is a natural laboratory for studying whether the brain's structural connectome is influenced by different aspects of language experience. However, evidence on how distinct components of bilingual experience may contribute to structural brain adaptations is mixed. The lack of consistency, however, may depend, at least in part, on methodological choices in data acquisition and processing. Herein, we adopted the Network Neuroscience framework to investigate how individual differences in second language (L2) exposure, proficiency, and age of acquisition (AoA) - measured as continuous between-subject variables - relate to whole-brain structural organization. We observed that L2 exposure modulated the connectivity of two networks of regions subserving language comprehension and production. L2 proficiency was associated with enhanced connectivity within a rostro-caudal network, which supports language selection and word learning. Moreover, L2 AoA and exposure affected inter-hemispheric communication between control-related regions. These findings expand mechanistic knowledge about particular environmental factors associated with specific variation in brain structure.

Davide Fedeli

Nicola Del Maschio

Simone Sulpizio

Jason Rothman

Jubin Abutalebi

The bilingual structural connectome: Dual-language experiential factors modulate distinct cerebral networks.

双语结构连接组：双语经验因素调节不同脑网络。

Previous studies investigating the processing of complex sentences have demonstrated the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG), which might subserve ordering and storage of linguistic components, respectively, for sentence comprehension. However, how these brain regions are interconnected, especially during the processing of Chinese sentences, need to be further explored. In this study, the neural network supporting the comprehension of Chinese relative clause was identified. Both the LIFG and LSTG exhibited higher activation in processing subject-extracted relative clauses (SRCs) than object-extracted relative clauses (ORCs). Moreover, a Granger causality analysis revealed that the effective connectivity from the LIFG to LSTG was significant only when participants read Chinese SRCs, which were argued to be more difficult than ORCs. Contrary to the observations of an SRC advantage in most other languages, the present results provide clear neuroimaging evidence for an ORC advantage in Chinese.

Kunyu Xu

Denise H. Wu

Jeng-Ren Duann

Enhanced left inferior frontal to left superior temporal effective connectivity for complex sentence comprehension: fMRI evidence from Chinese relative clause processing

复杂句子理解中增强的左下额叶到左上颞叶有效连接：来自汉语关系从句加工的fMRI证据

Brain development for language processing is associated with neural specialization of left perisylvian pathways, but this has not been investigated in young bilinguals. We examined specificity for syntax and semantics in early exposed Spanish-English speaking children (N = 65, ages 7-11) using an auditory sentence judgement task in English, their dominant language of use. During functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the morphosyntax task elicited activation in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the semantic task elicited activation in left posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Task comparisons revealed specialization in left superior temporal (STG) for morphosyntax and left MTG and angular gyrus for semantics. Although skills in neither language were uniquely related to specialization, skills in both languages were related to engagement of the left MTG for semantics and left IFG for syntax. These results are consistent with models suggesting a positive cross-linguistic interaction in those with higher language proficiency.

Neelima Wagley

Xiaosu Hu

Teresa Satterfield

Lisa M. Bedore

James R. Booth

Ioulia Kovelman

Neural specificity for semantic and syntactic processing in Spanish-English bilingual children

西班牙语-英语双语儿童在语义和句法处理中的神经特异性

Brent Kelsen

Artur Czeszumski

Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang

Yu-Cheng Pei

June Hung

Hsiao-Lung Chan

Hsuan-Wen Yeh

Exploring foreign language anxiety and resting-state EEG alpha asymmetry

探索外语焦虑与静息态脑电图alpha不对称性

The volume by Harris (1992) was published at a time when research on the cognitive effects of bilingualism was in its infancy. In this article I revisit the chapter I contributed to that volume and evaluate the extent to which the arguments presented there remain valid. Specifically, I review three claims I made, namely, that the effects of bilingual experience extend into nonverbal domains, that these effects were continuous in nature and not categorical, and that selective attention was the key to explaining cognitive change in bilinguals. Thirty years later, these claims remain largely intact. In contrast, the claim that the mechanism for the effects comes from a specific aspect of linguistic processing that transfers to other domains must be rejected.

Ellen Bialystok

Selective attention in cognitive processing revisited: A Long-term Re-evaluation

认知加工中的选择性注意再探讨：长期再评估

Spoken language experience influences brain responses to sound, but it is unclear whether this neuroplasticity is limited to speech frequencies (>100 Hz) or also affects lower gamma ranges (∼30-60 Hz). Using the frequency-following response (FFR), a far-field phase-locked response to sound, we explore whether bilingualism influences the location of the strongest response in the gamma range. Our results indicate that the strongest gamma response for bilinguals is most often at 43 Hz, compared to 51 Hz for monolinguals. Using a computational model, we show how this group difference could result from differential subcortical activation. These results shed light on the well-known but under-explored variability observed in the gamma range and highlight that FFRs are a composite of neural activity from both subcortical and cortical sources. Additionally, our findings emphasize that individual auditory experiences can uniquely shape subcortical activation, influencing FFRs below speech frequencies.

Luan Tonelli

Parker Tichko

Erika Skoe

Revisiting the 40-Hz gamma response: Phase-locked neural activity along the human auditory pathway relates to bilingual experience

重新审视40 Hz伽马响应：人类听觉通路上的相位锁定神经活动与双语经验相关

This study presents an examination of the neural connectivity associated with processing speech in noisy environments, an ability that declines with age. We correlated subjects' speech-in-noise (SIN) ability with resting-state MRI scans and Fractional Anisotropy (FA) values from the auditory section of the corpus callosum, both with and without correcting for age. The results revealed that subjects who performed poorly on the right ear SIN test (QuickSIN, MedRx) had higher correlations between the primary auditory cortex and regions of the brain that process language. Subjects who performed well on the QuickSIN test had stronger correlations bilaterally between the primary auditory cortices, however, this finding was due to age. Likewise, FA values seem best explained by age not SIN. The Ig2 region of the insula showed significant correlation with right ear SIN when correcting for age.

David S Wack

Ferdinand Schweser

Audrey S Wack

Sarah F Muldoon

Konstantinos Slavakis

Cheryl McGranor

Erin Kelly

Robert S Miletich

Kathleen McNerney

Speech in noise listening correlates identified in resting state and DTI MRI images

静息态和DTI MRI图像中识别的噪声环境下听觉相关性

Previous studies indicate differences in native and foreign speech processing (Lev-Ari, 2018), with mixed evidence for differences between dialectal and foreign accent processing (Adank, Evans, Stuart-Smith, & Scott, 2009; Floccia et al., 2006, 2009; Girard, Floccia, & Goslin, 2008). Two theories have been proposed: The Perceptual Distance Hypothesis suggests that dialectal accent processing is an attenuated version of foreign accent processing (Clarke & Garrett, 2004), while the Different Processes Hypothesis argues that foreign and dialectal accents are processed via distinct mechanisms (Floccia, Butler, Girard, & Goslin, 2009). A recent single-word ERP study suggested flexibility in these mechanisms (Thomas, Martin, & Caffarra, 2022). The present study deepens this investigation by investigating differences in native, dialectal, and foreign accent processing across frequency bands during extended speech. Electroencephalographic data was recorded from 30 participants who listened to dialogues of approximately six minutes spoken in native, dialectal and foreign accents. Power spectral density estimation (1-35 Hz) was performed. Linear mixed models were done in frequency windows of particular relevance to discourse processing. Frequency bands associated with phoneme [gamma], syllable [theta], and prosody [delta] were considered along with those of general cognitive mechanisms [alpha and beta]. Results show power differences in the Gamma frequency range. While in higher frequency ranges foreign accent processing is differentiated from power amplitudes of native and dialectal accent processing, in low frequencies we do not see any accent-related power amplitude modulations. This suggests that there may be a difference in phoneme processing for native accent types and foreign accent, while we speculate that top-down mechanisms during discourse processing may mitigate the effects observed with short units of speech.

Abbreviation	Brain Lang.
Journal Impact	2.19
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL(Q2)

ISSN	0093-934X, 1090-2155
h-index	140

Publication Information	Publisher: Academic Press Inc.，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1974，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:9.50%， Gold OA Rate: 15.24%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均3月来源Elsevier官网：平均20.5周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约72.5%

Brain and Language

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